Pathogenic mechanisms and the potential of drug therapies for aortic aneurysm

Liu, Bo, Granville, David J., Golledge, Jonathan, and Kassiri, Zamaneh (2020) Pathogenic mechanisms and the potential of drug therapies for aortic aneurysm. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 318 (3). H652-H670.

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Abstract

Aortic aneurysm is a permanent focal dilation of the aorta. It is usually an asymptomatic disease but can lead to sudden death due to aortic rupture. Aortic aneurysm-related mortalities are estimated at similar to 200,000 deaths per year worldwide. Because no pharmacological treatment has been found to be effective so far, surgical repair remains the only treatment for aortic aneurysm. Aortic aneurysm results from changes in the aortic wall structure due to loss of smooth muscle cells and degradation of the extracellular matrix and can form in different regions of the aorta. Research over the past decade has identified novel contributors to aneurysm formation and progression. The present review provides an overview of cellular and noncellular factors as well as enzymes that process extracellular matrix and regulate cellular functions (e.g., matrix metalloproteinases, granzymes, and cathepsins) in the context of aneurysm pathogenesis. An update of clinical trials focusing on therapeutic strategies to slow abdominal aortic aneurysm growth and efforts underway to develop effective pharmacological treatments is also provided.

Item ID: 62700
Item Type: Article (Research - C1)
ISSN: 1522-1539
Keywords: aortic aneurysm, aortic remodeling, proteases, smooth muscle cells
Copyright Information: © 2020 the American Physiological Society
Funders: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC), Townsville Hospital and Health Services Study, Queensland Government's Education and Research Trust Fund, National Heart Foundation, James Cook University, Canadian Institutes for Health Research, Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research (MSFHR), Canadian Institutefor Health Research, Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, Canada Foundation for Innovation
Projects and Grants: NHLBI R01-HL-08844, NHLBI R01-HL-12256
Date Deposited: 08 Apr 2020 07:32
FoR Codes: 32 BIOMEDICAL AND CLINICAL SCIENCES > 3201 Cardiovascular medicine and haematology > 320199 Cardiovascular medicine and haematology not elsewhere classified @ 100%
SEO Codes: 92 HEALTH > 9201 Clinical Health (Organs, Diseases and Abnormal Conditions) > 920199 Clinical Health (Organs, Diseases and Abnormal Conditions) not elsewhere classified @ 100%
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