Dexmedetomidine and fentanyl exhibit temperature dependent effects on human respiratory cilia

Welchering, Nils, Ochoa, Sebastian, Tian, Xin, Francis, Richard, Zahid, Maliha, Muñoz, Ricardo, and Lo, Cecilia W. (2015) Dexmedetomidine and fentanyl exhibit temperature dependent effects on human respiratory cilia. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 3. 7.

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Abstract

Background: Dexmedetomidine (dex) is commonly used in intensive care due to its effective sedation and analgesia with few adverse effects and minimal respiratory depression. However, we recently observed that exposing mouse epithelial respiratory cells to dex decreased ciliary beat frequency (CBF), suggesting dex may pose pulmonary risk.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of dex at clinically relevant doses on CBF in human respiratory epithelia.

Methods: Human nasal epithelial cilia were obtained from the inferior nasal turbinate with a rhinoprobe and placed in culture medium at 15 degrees C and 37 degrees C. At 5 and 30 min, video-microscopy was used to assess CBF, either without (control) or with different concentrations (1, 5, and 10 nM) of dex, fentanyl (fen), and dex + fen combination.

Results: At 15 degrees C, CBF was lower in the dex group compared to controls at 5 and 30 min. At 37 degrees C, there was a significant increase in CBF with dex at 5 and 30 min, except for dex at 5 nM after 5 min, which showed a significant decrease. At 15 degrees C the combination of dex + fen showed a positive interaction, causing less ciliary inhibition as expected. In contrast, no interaction between drugs was seen between dex and fen at 37 degrees C.

Conclusion: At low temperatures, dex reduces CBF in human respiratory epithelia, whereas dex increases CBF at physiologic temperature in vitro. Whether these effects translate into clinical consequences during hypothermia, as with cardiopulmonary bypass surgery will require further studies.

Item ID: 60707
Item Type: Article (Research - C1)
ISSN: 2296-2360
Keywords: dexmedetomidine, ciliary beat frequency, hypothermia, human cilia, fentanyl, airway cilia motility
Copyright Information: © 2015 Welchering, Ochoa, Tian, Francis, Zahid, Muñoz and Lo. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
Date Deposited: 23 Oct 2019 12:36
FoR Codes: 11 MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES > 1102 Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology > 110203 Respiratory Diseases @ 50%
06 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES > 0606 Physiology > 060602 Animal Physiology - Cell @ 50%
SEO Codes: 92 HEALTH > 9201 Clinical Health (Organs, Diseases and Abnormal Conditions) > 920115 Respiratory System and Diseases (incl. Asthma) @ 100%
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