%PDF-1.6
%
1 0 obj
<>
endobj
2 0 obj
<>stream
Michalis Mihalitsis, David R. Bellwood
A morphological and functional basis for maximum prey size in piscivorous fishes
www.plosone.org
www.plosone.org
endstream
endobj
3 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 8 0 R/Annots 9 0 R/Contents 10 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
9 0 obj
[11 0 R 12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R 18 0 R 19 0 R 20 0 R 21 0 R 22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R 33 0 R 34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R 40 0 R 41 0 R 42 0 R 43 0 R 44 0 R 45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R 51 0 R 52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R]
endobj
11 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref002)>>
endobj
12 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref002)>>
endobj
13 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref002)>>
endobj
14 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref004)>>
endobj
15 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref005)>>
endobj
16 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref006)>>
endobj
17 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref005)>>
endobj
18 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref007)>>
endobj
19 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref010)>>
endobj
20 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref011)>>
endobj
21 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref008)>>
endobj
22 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref012)>>
endobj
23 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref013)>>
endobj
24 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref008)>>
endobj
25 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref014)>>
endobj
26 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref017)>>
endobj
27 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref005)>>
endobj
28 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref018)>>
endobj
29 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref020)>>
endobj
30 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref005)>>
endobj
31 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref018)>>
endobj
32 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref021)>>
endobj
33 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref005)>>
endobj
34 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref018)>>
endobj
35 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref021)>>
endobj
36 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref005)>>
endobj
37 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref022)>>
endobj
38 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref023)>>
endobj
39 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref024)>>
endobj
40 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref026)>>
endobj
41 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref027)>>
endobj
42 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref019)>>
endobj
43 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref028)>>
endobj
44 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref018)>>
endobj
45 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref029)>>
endobj
46 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref030)>>
endobj
47 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref031)>>
endobj
48 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref014)>>
endobj
49 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref028)>>
endobj
50 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref019)>>
endobj
51 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref025)>>
endobj
52 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref027)>>
endobj
53 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref029)>>
endobj
54 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref032)>>
endobj
55 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref033)>>
endobj
56 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref008)>>
endobj
57 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref020)>>
endobj
58 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref021)>>
endobj
59 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref034)>>
endobj
60 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref020)>>
endobj
61 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 62 0 R>>
endobj
62 0 obj
<>
endobj
10 0 obj
[63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R 66 0 R 67 0 R 68 0 R 69 0 R 70 0 R 71 0 R 72 0 R 73 0 R 74 0 R 75 0 R 76 0 R 77 0 R 78 0 R 79 0 R 80 0 R 81 0 R 82 0 R 83 0 R 84 0 R 85 0 R 86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R 91 0 R 92 0 R]
endobj
63 0 obj
<>stream
q
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
240.0945 706.337 m
244.8567 706.337 l
h
f*
542.778 693.2976 m
547.5402 693.2976 l
h
f*
398.0976 641.3102 m
402.8598 641.3102 l
h
f*
408.0189 641.3102 m
412.7811 641.3102 l
h
f*
445.4362 615.3449 m
450.1417 615.3449 l
h
f*
454.6205 615.3449 m
459.3827 615.3449 l
h
f*
468.6236 602.3055 m
473.3858 602.3055 l
h
f*
477.8079 602.3055 m
482.5701 602.3055 l
h
f*
487.7291 602.3055 m
497.2535 602.3055 l
h
f*
246.6709 563.3008 m
256.1953 563.3008 l
h
f*
203.4142 537.3354 m
208.1764 537.3354 l
h
f*
212.5984 537.3354 m
222.1228 537.3354 l
h
f*
226.6016 537.3354 m
236.0693 537.3354 l
h
f*
552.4157 524.2961 m
557.178 524.2961 l
h
f*
200.0126 511.3134 m
209.537 511.3134 l
h
f*
214.6961 511.3134 m
224.2205 511.3134 l
h
f*
445.8331 498.3307 m
450.5953 498.3307 l
h
f*
455.074 498.3307 m
464.5984 498.3307 l
h
f*
469.7575 498.3307 m
479.2819 498.3307 l
h
f*
240.0945 472.3087 m
244.8567 472.3087 l
h
f*
249.3354 472.3087 m
258.8598 472.3087 l
h
f*
263.2819 472.3087 m
272.8063 472.3087 l
h
f*
388.2331 472.3087 m
392.9386 472.3087 l
h
f*
466.0724 472.3087 m
475.5402 472.3087 l
h
f*
432.2268 446.3433 m
441.7512 446.3433 l
h
f*
549.2409 433.3039 m
554.0031 433.3039 l
h
f*
464.7118 407.3386 m
474.1795 407.3386 l
h
f*
308.5795 303.3071 m
318.1039 303.3071 l
h
f*
361.0205 303.3071 m
370.4882 303.3071 l
h
f*
375.7039 303.3071 m
385.1717 303.3071 l
h
f*
230.6835 264.3024 m
240.2079 264.3024 l
h
f*
317.6504 251.3197 m
327.1181 251.3197 l
h
f*
331.5969 251.3197 m
341.1213 251.3197 l
h
f*
257.726 238.337 m
267.2504 238.337 l
h
f*
251.5465 212.315 m
261.0709 212.315 l
h
f*
265.5496 212.315 m
275.0173 212.315 l
h
f*
385.2283 212.315 m
394.7528 212.315 l
h
f*
371.5654 199.3323 m
381.0898 199.3323 l
h
f*
385.5118 199.3323 m
395.0362 199.3323 l
h
f*
524.2394 186.3496 m
533.7638 186.3496 l
h
f*
538.2425 186.3496 m
547.7102 186.3496 l
h
f*
552.189 186.3496 m
561.7134 186.3496 l
h
f*
200.0126 173.3102 m
209.537 173.3102 l
h
f*
213.8457 173.3102 m
223.3701 173.3102 l
h
f*
227.7354 173.3102 m
237.2598 173.3102 l
h
f*
290.2677 121.3228 m
295.0299 121.3228 l
h
f*
299.452 121.3228 m
308.9764 121.3228 l
h
f*
313.4551 121.3228 m
322.9795 121.3228 l
h
f*
327.4016 121.3228 m
336.926 121.3228 l
h
f*
390.9543 121.3228 m
400.422 121.3228 l
h
f*
0 g
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 707.4141 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(prey)Tj
1.9842 0 Td
(size)Tj
1.6838 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(2)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.6044 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(functional)Tj
4.3086 0 Td
(performance)Tj
5.3518 0 Td
(capacity)Tj
3.4696 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(species,)Tj
3.2258 0 Td
(i.e.)Tj
1.3606 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(ability)Tj
2.6929 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6577 0 Td
(species)Tj
2.9933 0 Td
(to)Tj
-35.2627 -1.3039 Td
(carry)Tj
2.2733 0 Td
(out)Tj
1.5534 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(specific)Tj
3.1918 0 Td
(behaviour)Tj
4.2406 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(task,)Tj
2.0353 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(frequently)Tj
4.3086 0 Td
(linked)Tj
2.7326 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(species')Tj
3.2145 0 Td
(morphology)Tj
5.142 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(2)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.6044 0 Td
(Per-)Tj
-35.5405 -1.2982 Td
(formance)Tj
4.0365 0 Td
(capacity)Tj
3.4695 0 Td
(affects)Tj
2.7383 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(ecology)Tj
3.2485 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(species)Tj
2.999 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(constraining)Tj
5.2611 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(range)Tj
2.4605 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(environmental)Tj
-31.0108 -1.2983 Td
(resources)Tj
3.9911 0 Td
(it)Tj
0.7824 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(able)Tj
1.8311 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(exploit,)Tj
3.1748 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6475 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(turn)Tj
1.9615 0 Td
(influences)Tj
4.2803 0 Td
(individual)Tj
4.286 0 Td
(fitness)Tj
2.7723 0 Td
(through)Tj
3.4412 0 Td
(reproductive)Tj
-32.0766 -1.2983 Td
(output)Tj
2.8969 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(survival.)Tj
3.5603 0 Td
(By)Tj
1.2585 0 Td
(interacting)Tj
4.5638 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(environmental)Tj
6.1114 0 Td
(factors,)Tj
3.1294 0 Td
(performance)Tj
5.3462 0 Td
(capacity)Tj
3.4752 0 Td
(con-)Tj
-34.0665 -1.3039 Td
(strains,)Tj
3.084 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(thus)Tj
1.9389 0 Td
(shapes,)Tj
3.0671 0 Td
(patterns)Tj
3.4753 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(resource)Tj
3.6283 0 Td
(use)Tj
1.5307 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(2)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(4)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
-18.272 -1.2982 Td
(Predator-prey)Tj
5.8336 0 Td
(outcomes)Tj
4.0876 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.627 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1452 0 Td
(influenced)Tj
4.4447 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1849 0 Td
(both)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(pre-capture)Tj
4.8813 0 Td
(\(e.g.)Tj
1.8992 0 Td
(prey)Tj
1.9842 0 Td
(evasive)Tj
3.0387 0 Td
(behav-)Tj
-33.3805 -1.2983 Td
(iour\))Tj
2.2336 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(post-capture)Tj
5.2497 0 Td
(factors)Tj
2.9026 0 Td
(\(e.g.)Tj
1.8992 0 Td
(predator)Tj
3.6681 0 Td
(handling)Tj
3.787 0 Td
(times\))Tj
2.7326 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(5)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.2586 0 Td
(6)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.2586 0 Td
(Pre-capture)Tj
4.9209 0 Td
(features)Tj
3.3505 0 Td
(focus)Tj
-34.9906 -1.3039 Td
(on)Tj
1.2755 0 Td
(prey)Tj
1.9843 0 Td
(behaviour)Tj
4.2406 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(morphological)Tj
6.0604 0 Td
(anti-predatory)Tj
6.0265 0 Td
(mechanisms)Tj
5.2043 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(5)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.2586 0 Td
(7)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(10)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
2.7326 0 Td
(whereas)Tj
3.4412 0 Td
(post-)Tj
-33.9531 -1.2983 Td
(capture)Tj
3.2144 0 Td
(features)Tj
3.3449 0 Td
(involve)Tj
3.1237 0 Td
(morphological)Tj
6.0605 0 Td
(constraints,)Tj
4.8642 0 Td
(like)Tj
1.6497 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4741 0 Td
(ability)Tj
2.6929 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(capture)Tj
3.2145 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(manipulate)Tj
-32.3941 -1.2983 Td
(prey.)Tj
2.211 0 Td
(Both)Tj
2.1316 0 Td
(pre-capture)Tj
4.8812 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(post-capture)Tj
5.2497 0 Td
(features)Tj
3.3448 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4514 0 Td
(tightly)Tj
2.7779 0 Td
(linked)Tj
2.7269 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0013 0 Td
(ecosystem-wide)Tj
6.5423 0 Td
(mor-)Tj
-35.0473 -1.3039 Td
(tality)Tj
2.2166 0 Td
(rates)Tj
2.109 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(11)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0749 0 Td
(In)Tj
1.1112 0 Td
(piscivory,)Tj
4.0705 0 Td
(post-capture)Tj
5.2498 0 Td
(features)Tj
3.3448 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(been)Tj
2.1259 0 Td
(studied)Tj
3.1521 0 Td
(extensively)Tj
4.5865 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(terms)Tj
2.4945 0 Td
(of)Tj
-35.6312 -1.2982 Td
(optimal)Tj
3.3108 0 Td
(foraging)Tj
3.566 0 Td
(theory,)Tj
3.0273 0 Td
(investigating)Tj
5.3178 0 Td
(aspects)Tj
3.0387 0 Td
(such)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(handling)Tj
3.787 0 Td
(time)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(energy)Tj
2.9084 0 Td
(maximization)Tj
-31.7875 -1.2983 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(8)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.2585 0 Td
(12)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.4003 0 Td
(13)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(However,)Tj
4.0762 0 Td
(our)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(understanding)Tj
6.0661 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(morphological)Tj
6.0604 0 Td
(constraints)Tj
4.6375 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(piscivores)Tj
4.1782 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(largely)Tj
-34.1742 -1.3039 Td
(restricted)Tj
3.9854 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(generalized)Tj
4.7621 0 Td
(morphological)Tj
6.0605 0 Td
(measurements)Tj
6.0321 0 Td
(such)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(body)Tj
2.2167 0 Td
(size)Tj
1.6838 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(mouth)Tj
2.897 0 Td
(gape)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(8)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
-34.8999 -1.2983 Td
(14)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(17)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.1962 -1.2982 Td
(Piscivorous)Tj
4.8302 0 Td
(fishes)Tj
2.4491 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4456 0 Td
(often)Tj
2.2848 0 Td
(considered)Tj
4.6034 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(gape-limited)Tj
5.2554 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(5)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.2642 0 Td
(18)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(20)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
3.2032 0 Td
(This)Tj
1.9899 0 Td
(suggests)Tj
3.4809 0 Td
(that)Tj
-34.1799 -1.2983 Td
(mouth)Tj
2.8969 0 Td
(size)Tj
1.6895 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(main)Tj
2.2904 0 Td
(factor)Tj
2.5455 0 Td
(limiting)Tj
3.3959 0 Td
(prey)Tj
1.9899 0 Td
(size,)Tj
1.9105 0 Td
(thus)Tj
1.9333 0 Td
(making)Tj
3.2484 0 Td
(it)Tj
0.7881 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(good)Tj
2.228 0 Td
(indicator)Tj
3.8665 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(maximum)Tj
-32.7626 -1.3039 Td
(prey)Tj
1.9842 0 Td
(size)Tj
1.6838 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(5)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.2642 0 Td
(18)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.3946 0 Td
(21)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.7405 0 Td
(For)Tj
1.6214 0 Td
(example,)Tj
3.7757 0 Td
(Christensen)Tj
5.0173 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(5)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.372 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(Hambright)Tj
4.6828 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(18)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8482 0 Td
(both)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(suggest)Tj
3.1238 0 Td
(that)Tj
-33.2955 -1.2983 Td
(mouth)Tj
2.8969 0 Td
(width)Tj
2.5285 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(important)Tj
4.286 0 Td
(morphological)Tj
6.0548 0 Td
(constraint)Tj
4.2802 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(maximum)Tj
4.371 0 Td
(ingestible)Tj
4.0309 0 Td
(prey)Tj
1.9842 0 Td
(size)Tj
1.6838 0 Td
(for)Tj
-35.1777 -1.2983 Td
(both)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(capturing)Tj
4.0762 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(swallowing)Tj
4.6601 0 Td
(prey.)Tj
2.2167 0 Td
(However,)Tj
4.0762 0 Td
(Lawrence)Tj
4.0649 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(21)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8538 0 Td
(suggested)Tj
4.0705 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(gape)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(between)Tj
-34.1119 -1.3039 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(cleithral)Tj
3.4582 0 Td
(bones)Tj
2.5682 0 Td
(\(pectoral)Tj
3.7814 0 Td
(girdle\))Tj
2.8573 0 Td
(may)Tj
1.9332 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1452 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2076 0 Td
(important)Tj
4.2802 0 Td
(constraint,)Tj
4.5014 0 Td
(while)Tj
2.3698 0 Td
(Christensen)Tj
5.0116 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(5)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
-34.5824 -1.2982 Td
(identified)Tj
4.0591 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(potential)Tj
3.7587 0 Td
(esophageal)Tj
4.5581 0 Td
(constraint.)Tj
4.5071 0 Td
(More)Tj
2.4151 0 Td
(recent)Tj
2.7042 0 Td
(studies)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
(also)Tj
1.7631 0 Td
(identified)Tj
4.0592 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(pha-)Tj
-35.0019 -1.2983 Td
(ryngeal)Tj
3.1634 0 Td
(gape)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6577 0 Td
(potential)Tj
3.7587 0 Td
(constraint)Tj
4.2746 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(pharyngognathous)Tj
7.7158 0 Td
(fishes)Tj
2.4491 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(22)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(Overall,)Tj
3.3675 0 Td
(there)Tj
2.2677 0 Td
(appears)Tj
-33.8397 -1.3039 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1508 0 Td
(three)Tj
2.2621 0 Td
(potential)Tj
3.7587 0 Td
(constraints)Tj
4.6374 0 Td
(limiting)Tj
3.4016 0 Td
(performance)Tj
5.3461 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(piscivorous)Tj
4.7848 0 Td
(fishes)Tj
2.4492 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7744 0 Td
(swallow)Tj
3.3846 0 Td
(their)Tj
-35.0133 -1.2983 Td
(prey)Tj
1.9842 0 Td
(whole:)Tj
2.8346 0 Td
(oral)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(gape,)Tj
2.2847 0 Td
(pharyngeal)Tj
4.6431 0 Td
(gape,)Tj
2.2847 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(cleithral)Tj
3.4583 0 Td
(gape.)Tj
2.2847 0 Td
(However,)Tj
4.0762 0 Td
(these)Tj
2.2563 0 Td
(constraints,)Tj
4.8643 0 Td
(and)Tj
-34.4804 -1.2983 Td
(their)Tj
2.1089 0 Td
(potential)Tj
3.7587 0 Td
(influence)Tj
3.9175 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(performance,)Tj
5.5728 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(not)Tj
1.576 0 Td
(been)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(critically)Tj
3.651 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0999 0 Td
(quantitatively)Tj
5.6806 0 Td
(assessed)Tj
3.4696 0 Td
(in)Tj
-36.2889 -1.2982 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(comparative)Tj
5.1704 0 Td
(framework.)Tj
-4.6261 -1.3039 Td
(Another)Tj
3.5829 0 Td
(potential)Tj
3.7587 0 Td
(problem)Tj
3.6114 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0012 0 Td
(studies)Tj
2.982 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(ecology)Tj
3.2429 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(predatory)Tj
4.1272 0 Td
(fishes,)Tj
2.6759 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(despite)Tj
-33.3068 -1.2983 Td
(predators)Tj
4.0308 0 Td
(being)Tj
2.4321 0 Td
(consistently)Tj
4.9549 0 Td
(considered)Tj
4.6035 0 Td
(`gape)Tj
2.2847 0 Td
(limited`,)Tj
3.5206 0 Td
(there)Tj
2.262 0 Td
(appears)Tj
3.2825 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1508 0 Td
(no)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(consistent)Tj
4.2576 0 Td
(defi-)Tj
-35.0756 -1.2983 Td
(nition)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(morphological)Tj
6.0604 0 Td
(measurement)Tj
5.6693 0 Td
(associated)Tj
4.2576 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(term)Tj
2.1316 0 Td
(`gape`.)Tj
2.7326 0 Td
(While)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(some)Tj
2.3301 0 Td
(studies)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(use)Tj
-36.0451 -1.3039 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(term)Tj
2.1316 0 Td
(`mouth)Tj
3.1295 0 Td
(diameter`[)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(23)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
5.6409 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0941 0 Td
(`gape`[)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(24)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(26)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
5.6126 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(refer)Tj
2.0977 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(distance)Tj
3.5036 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(tip)Tj
1.2983 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
-35.5122 -1.2982 Td
(premaxilla)Tj
4.4446 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(tip)Tj
1.3039 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(mandible)Tj
3.9968 0 Td
(\(vertical)Tj
3.4752 0 Td
(plane\),)Tj
2.9594 0 Td
(other)Tj
2.3471 0 Td
(studies)Tj
2.982 0 Td
(use)Tj
1.5364 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(term)Tj
2.1316 0 Td
(`gape`to)Tj
3.3166 0 Td
(refer)Tj
-35.6426 -1.2983 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(horizontal)Tj
4.337 0 Td
(distance)Tj
3.5036 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5319 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(coronoid)Tj
3.8778 0 Td
(process)Tj
3.1861 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(articular)Tj
3.5943 0 Td
(bones)Tj
2.5682 0 Td
(\(horizontal)Tj
-31.0448 -1.3039 Td
(plane\))Tj
2.7269 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(27)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0806 0 Td
(Some)Tj
2.4434 0 Td
(studies)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(measured)Tj
4.1102 0 Td
(`gape`by)Tj
3.4696 0 Td
(inserting)Tj
3.77 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(cone)Tj
2.1204 0 Td
(into)Tj
1.8425 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(oral)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(cavity)Tj
2.5512 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(fish)Tj
-35.0813 -1.2983 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(measuring)Tj
4.439 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(diameter)Tj
3.7871 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(19)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.7348 0 Td
(28)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(while)Tj
2.3697 0 Td
(other)Tj
2.3471 0 Td
(studies)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(specifically)Tj
4.5751 0 Td
(use)Tj
1.5307 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(term)Tj
2.1317 0 Td
(`external)Tj
-32.3034 -1.2983 Td
(mouth)Tj
2.8969 0 Td
(width`[)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(18)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
4.3824 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(measure)Tj
3.583 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(distance)Tj
3.5036 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(outer)Tj
2.3471 0 Td
(edges)Tj
2.4207 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(opposing)Tj
3.9118 0 Td
(maxillae)Tj
-33.0234 -1.3039 Td
(\(horizontal)Tj
4.6771 0 Td
(plane\))Tj
2.7326 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2755 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(outside)Tj
3.1351 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(predators')Tj
4.2463 0 Td
(jaws.)Tj
2.177 0 Td
(More)Tj
2.4151 0 Td
(recent)Tj
2.7099 0 Td
(studies)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(use)Tj
1.5307 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(terms)Tj
-33.3068 -1.2982 Td
(`gape)Tj
2.2847 0 Td
(width`[)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(29)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
4.2689 0 Td
(30)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(`relative)Tj
3.3619 0 Td
(mouth)Tj
2.9027 0 Td
(width`[)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(31)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
4.6034 0 Td
(In)Tj
1.1112 0 Td
(some)Tj
2.33 0 Td
(cases)Tj
2.2224 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(exact)Tj
2.2677 0 Td
(morphological)Tj
-29.6558 -1.2983 Td
(basis)Tj
2.1486 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(measurement)Tj
5.6693 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8503 0 Td
(not)Tj
1.5704 0 Td
(specified)Tj
3.7191 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(14)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.7348 0 Td
(28)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.7404 0 Td
(Overall,)Tj
3.3676 0 Td
(there)Tj
2.262 0 Td
(appear)Tj
2.9197 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1508 0 Td
(6)Tj
0.6917 0 Td
(different)Tj
3.6567 0 Td
(defi-)Tj
-35.3648 -1.2983 Td
(nitions)Tj
3.016 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(term)Tj
2.1316 0 Td
(`gape`,)Tj
2.7383 0 Td
(including)Tj
4.0422 0 Td
(both)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(vertical)Tj
3.1408 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(horizontal)Tj
4.337 0 Td
(measurements)Tj
6.0321 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(19)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.7404 0 Td
(25)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.3947 0 Td
(27)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
-35.2174 -1.3039 Td
(29)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.3832 0 Td
(32)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.389 0 Td
(33)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(There)Tj
2.5682 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8391 0 Td
(therefore)Tj
3.8437 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6463 0 Td
(clear)Tj
2.109 0 Td
(need)Tj
2.1316 0 Td
(to:)Tj
1.2416 0 Td
(a\))Tj
0.9864 0 Td
(define)Tj
2.6873 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.457 0 Td
(various)Tj
3.1351 0 Td
(gapes)Tj
2.4094 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9899 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.1962 0 Td
(exact)Tj
2.2507 0 Td
(morpho-)Tj
-33.9928 -1.2983 Td
(logical)Tj
2.8062 0 Td
(definition,)Tj
4.388 0 Td
(b\))Tj
1.0715 0 Td
(quantify)Tj
3.5433 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(relative)Tj
3.1408 0 Td
(sizes)Tj
2.0466 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(these)Tj
2.2507 0 Td
(gapes)Tj
2.4208 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(comparative)Tj
5.1704 0 Td
(framework,)Tj
4.8415 0 Td
(and)Tj
-35.8523 -1.2982 Td
(c\))Tj
0.9807 0 Td
(examine)Tj
3.6057 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(relationship)Tj
4.989 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5262 0 Td
(gape)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
(sizes)Tj
2.041 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(maximum)Tj
4.371 0 Td
(prey)Tj
1.9842 0 Td
(size)Tj
1.6838 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(piscivorous)Tj
4.7849 0 Td
(fishes.)Tj
-33.0744 -1.3039 Td
(When)Tj
2.6872 0 Td
(capturing)Tj
4.0762 0 Td
(prey,)Tj
2.211 0 Td
(piscivorous)Tj
4.7848 0 Td
(fish)Tj
1.6611 0 Td
(often)Tj
2.2847 0 Td
(reorient)Tj
3.4299 0 Td
(prey)Tj
1.99 0 Td
(post-capture)Tj
5.2497 0 Td
(into)Tj
1.8425 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(head-first)Tj
-32.0653 -1.2983 Td
(position)Tj
3.4922 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(swallow)Tj
3.3789 0 Td
(it)Tj
0.788 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(8)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.2586 0 Td
(20)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.4003 0 Td
(21)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.3947 0 Td
(34)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(Reimchen)Tj
4.2802 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(20)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8482 0 Td
(showed)Tj
3.2542 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(prey)Tj
1.9899 0 Td
(orientation)Tj
4.6884 0 Td
(when)Tj
2.4038 0 Td
(swal-)Tj
-34.7128 -1.2983 Td
(lowing)Tj
2.9366 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(random)Tj
3.4242 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(small)Tj
2.3244 0 Td
(sized)Tj
2.2167 0 Td
(prey,)Tj
2.211 0 Td
(but)Tj
1.5534 0 Td
(increased)Tj
3.9968 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(90%)Tj
1.9276 0 Td
(head-first)Tj
4.0705 0 Td
(when)Tj
2.4038 0 Td
(prey)Tj
1.9899 0 Td
(approached)Tj
-32.3204 -1.3039 Td
(or)Tj
1.0941 0 Td
(exceeded)Tj
3.8608 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(maximum)Tj
4.3767 0 Td
(gape)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(predator.)Tj
3.8947 0 Td
(However,)Tj
4.0819 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6724 0 Td
(behaviour)Tj
4.2406 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.5421 0 Td
(not)Tj
1.5704 0 Td
(been)Tj
2.1259 0 Td
(consid-)Tj
-34.469 -1.2982 Td
(ered)Tj
1.9672 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(context)Tj
3.1861 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(potential)Tj
3.7588 0 Td
(morphological)Tj
6.0604 0 Td
(constraints)Tj
4.6374 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(prey)Tj
1.9899 0 Td
(processing)Tj
4.4617 0 Td
(beyond)Tj
3.1918 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(oral)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 107.1496 23.6976 re
W* n
q
107.0929 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 437.8393 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(Maximum)Tj
4.4929 0 Td
(prey)Tj
2.1331 0 Td
(size)Tj
1.963 0 Td
(in)Tj
0.985 0 Td
(pisciv)Tj
2.4449 0 Td
(orous)Tj
2.6788 0 Td
(fishes)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 48.0002 m
576 48.0002 l
576 47.5002 l
36 47.5002 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
81.5811 34.9228 m
237.8835 34.9228 l
h
f*
0 g
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 36 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.8559 0 Td
(ONE)Tj
2.3669 0 Td
(|)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
0.4748 0 Td
(https://doi.or)Tj
5.4142 0 Td
(g/10.137)Tj
3.8198 0 Td
(1/journal.po)Tj
5.1236 0 Td
(ne.01846)Tj
4.089 0 Td
(79)Tj
0 g
2.0906 0 Td
(September)Tj
5.0386 0 Td
(8,)Tj
1.0418 0 Td
(2017)Tj
32.8254 0 Td
(2)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(/)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
64 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
65 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
66 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
67 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
68 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
69 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
70 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
71 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
72 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
73 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
74 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
75 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
76 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
77 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
78 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
79 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
80 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
81 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
82 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
83 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
84 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
85 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
86 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
87 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
88 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
89 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
90 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
91 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
92 0 obj
<>stream
BT
66.402 0 Td
(19)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
93 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 8 0 R/Annots 96 0 R/Contents 97 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
96 0 obj
[98 0 R 99 0 R 100 0 R 101 0 R 102 0 R 103 0 R 104 0 R 105 0 R 106 0 R 107 0 R 108 0 R 109 0 R 110 0 R]
endobj
98 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref012)>>
endobj
99 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref035)>>
endobj
100 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref036)>>
endobj
101 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref014)>>
endobj
102 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref019)>>
endobj
103 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref020)>>
endobj
104 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref030)>>
endobj
105 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref037)>>
endobj
106 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.s007)>>
endobj
107 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.s008)>>
endobj
108 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.s009)>>
endobj
109 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.s010)>>
endobj
110 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 111 0 R>>
endobj
111 0 obj
<>
endobj
97 0 obj
[112 0 R 113 0 R 114 0 R 115 0 R 116 0 R 117 0 R 118 0 R 119 0 R 120 0 R 121 0 R 122 0 R 123 0 R 124 0 R 125 0 R 126 0 R 127 0 R]
endobj
112 0 obj
<>stream
q
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
424.1197 667.3323 m
433.5874 667.3323 l
h
f*
451.4457 602.3055 m
460.9134 602.3055 l
h
f*
383.4709 589.3228 m
392.9953 589.3228 l
h
f*
544.3087 563.3008 m
553.8331 563.3008 l
h
f*
558.2551 563.3008 m
567.7795 563.3008 l
h
f*
200.0126 550.3181 m
209.537 550.3181 l
h
f*
467.4331 511.3134 m
476.9575 511.3134 l
h
f*
481.3795 511.3134 m
490.9039 511.3134 l
h
f*
228.6425 138.3874 m
238.1669 138.3874 l
h
f*
242.6457 138.3874 m
252.1134 138.3874 l
h
f*
256.5921 138.3874 m
266.1732 138.3874 l
h
f*
285.6189 138.3874 m
295.1433 138.3874 l
h
f*
0 g
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 707.4141 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(gape.)Tj
2.2847 0 Td
(Thus,)Tj
2.4718 0 Td
(prey)Tj
1.9899 0 Td
(size)Tj
1.6837 0 Td
(may)Tj
1.9276 0 Td
(not)Tj
1.5704 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1508 0 Td
(limited)Tj
3.0728 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(what)Tj
2.1656 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(caught)Tj
2.8969 0 Td
(but)Tj
1.5534 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(what)Tj
2.1657 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1451 0 Td
(swallowed.)Tj
-32.8419 -1.3039 Td
(Indeed,)Tj
3.2371 0 Td
(many)Tj
2.4775 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(aforementioned)Tj
6.6047 0 Td
(studies)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(focused)Tj
3.2825 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(maximum)Tj
4.371 0 Td
(prey)Tj
1.9899 0 Td
(size)Tj
1.6838 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(terms)Tj
2.4944 0 Td
(of)Tj
-35.977 -1.2982 Td
(optimal)Tj
3.3108 0 Td
(foraging)Tj
3.566 0 Td
(theory)Tj
2.8006 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(energetic)Tj
3.8664 0 Td
(cost-gain)Tj
3.8721 0 Td
(relationships)Tj
5.3518 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(may)Tj
1.9276 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
(underestimated)Tj
-30.2171 -1.2983 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(maximum)Tj
4.371 0 Td
(performance)Tj
5.3518 0 Td
(abilities)Tj
3.2881 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(predatory)Tj
4.1272 0 Td
(fishes)Tj
2.4492 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(12)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0749 0 Td
(To)Tj
1.338 0 Td
(date,)Tj
2.1259 0 Td
(we)Tj
1.3323 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(not)Tj
1.5761 0 Td
(established)Tj
-32.5755 -1.2983 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(maximum)Tj
4.371 0 Td
(ingestible)Tj
4.0308 0 Td
(prey)Tj
1.9843 0 Td
(size)Tj
1.6837 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(piscivorous)Tj
4.7849 0 Td
(fishes)Tj
2.4491 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(terms)Tj
2.4944 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(morphological)Tj
6.0548 0 Td
(constraints,)Tj
-32.3884 -1.3039 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(we)Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(therefore)Tj
3.8551 0 Td
(unable)Tj
2.9027 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(establish)Tj
3.6453 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6577 0 Td
(clear)Tj
2.1146 0 Td
(link)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(morphology)Tj
5.142 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(maximal)Tj
3.702 0 Td
(feeding)Tj
-34.5937 -1.2982 Td
(capacity)Tj
3.4695 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(piscivorous)Tj
4.7849 0 Td
(fishes.)Tj
-8.0957 -1.2983 Td
(Furthermore,)Tj
5.6182 0 Td
(few)Tj
1.6157 0 Td
(studies)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(accounted)Tj
4.3313 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3889 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(ability)Tj
2.6929 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(tissues)Tj
2.8233 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0204 0 Td
(stretch,)Tj
3.1521 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(variable)Tj
3.3619 0 Td
(that)Tj
-35.3818 -1.3039 Td
(can)Tj
1.627 0 Td
(affect)Tj
2.3754 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(maximum)Tj
4.371 0 Td
(ingestible)Tj
4.0308 0 Td
(prey)Tj
1.9843 0 Td
(size,)Tj
1.9105 0 Td
(not)Tj
1.5761 0 Td
(only)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(fishes)Tj
2.4491 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(35)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(but)Tj
1.5534 0 Td
(also)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(other)Tj
2.347 0 Td
(vertebrates)Tj
-32.5471 -1.2983 Td
(that)Tj
1.7744 0 Td
(swallow)Tj
3.3846 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.1089 0 Td
(prey)Tj
1.9843 0 Td
(whole,)Tj
2.8346 0 Td
(such)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(snakes)Tj
2.8403 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(36)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0806 0 Td
(Overlooking)Tj
5.2498 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(ability)Tj
2.6929 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(predator)Tj
3.668 0 Td
(tissue)Tj
2.4604 0 Td
(to)Tj
-36.646 -1.2983 Td
(be)Tj
1.1508 0 Td
(stretched,)Tj
4.0989 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(body)Tj
2.2166 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(prey)Tj
1.9843 0 Td
(fish)Tj
1.6667 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1508 0 Td
(compressed,)Tj
5.1761 0 Td
(may)Tj
1.9332 0 Td
(lead)Tj
1.8481 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(conflicting)Tj
4.5014 0 Td
(results,)Tj
3.033 0 Td
(with)Tj
-34.3953 -1.3039 Td
(fish)Tj
1.661 0 Td
(feeding)Tj
3.1635 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(prey)Tj
1.9899 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(body)Tj
2.2167 0 Td
(depth)Tj
2.5171 0 Td
(larger)Tj
2.5285 0 Td
(than)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(maximum)Tj
4.3766 0 Td
(gape)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(predator)Tj
3.6737 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(14)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.7348 0 Td
(19)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
-35.824 -1.2982 Td
(20)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.7347 0 Td
(Finally,)Tj
3.1692 0 Td
(when)Tj
2.4037 0 Td
(trying)Tj
2.6249 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(identify)Tj
3.2939 0 Td
(morphological)Tj
6.0604 0 Td
(constraints,)Tj
4.8642 0 Td
(broad)Tj
2.5682 0 Td
(comparative,)Tj
5.3971 0 Td
(morpho-)Tj
-33.1424 -1.2983 Td
(logical)Tj
2.8062 0 Td
(analyses)Tj
3.4866 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4457 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(great)Tj
2.211 0 Td
(utility)Tj
2.5795 0 Td
(because)Tj
3.3222 0 Td
(they)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(permit)Tj
2.9196 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(identification)Tj
5.5899 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(key)Tj
1.5931 0 Td
(measurements,)Tj
-31.3736 -1.3039 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.1089 0 Td
(relationships)Tj
5.3518 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(other)Tj
2.3471 0 Td
(features,)Tj
3.5716 0 Td
(offering)Tj
3.3789 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(deeper)Tj
2.9084 0 Td
(understanding)Tj
6.0717 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(nature)Tj
2.8233 0 Td
(of)Tj
-35.4215 -1.2983 Td
(constraints)Tj
4.6374 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(relative)Tj
3.1407 0 Td
(importance)Tj
4.8302 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(potential)Tj
3.7587 0 Td
(limiting)Tj
3.4016 0 Td
(gapes)Tj
2.4208 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(30)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.7348 0 Td
(37)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
-26.9403 -1.2982 Td
(Despite)Tj
3.2484 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(ecological)Tj
4.1669 0 Td
(significance)Tj
4.9379 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(piscivory)Tj
3.8438 0 Td
(we)Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(currently)Tj
3.8834 0 Td
(lack:)Tj
2.0466 0 Td
(1\))Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(clear)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(definition)Tj
4.1613 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
-36.1188 -1.2983 Td
(important)Tj
4.2802 0 Td
(gapes)Tj
2.4208 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4456 0 Td
(involved)Tj
3.651 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(prey)Tj
1.9842 0 Td
(capture)Tj
3.2145 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(processing;)Tj
4.6885 0 Td
(2\))Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(nature)Tj
2.8233 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(extent)Tj
2.6759 0 Td
(of)Tj
-35.9714 -1.3039 Td
(morphological)Tj
6.0604 0 Td
(constraints)Tj
4.6374 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(prey)Tj
1.9843 0 Td
(size;)Tj
1.9105 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(3\))Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(data)Tj
1.9162 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(relative)Tj
3.1351 0 Td
(extent)Tj
2.6816 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(tissue)Tj
2.4548 0 Td
(stretchabil-)Tj
-32.5812 -1.2983 Td
(ity)Tj
1.2415 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0942 0 Td
(compressibility)Tj
6.3155 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(fishes.)Tj
2.6759 0 Td
(To)Tj
1.338 0 Td
(address)Tj
3.2258 0 Td
(these)Tj
2.2507 0 Td
(knowledge)Tj
4.5467 0 Td
(gaps,)Tj
2.2224 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(aim)Tj
1.7405 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6724 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(to)Tj
-35.9317 -1.2983 Td
(evaluate)Tj
3.4582 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(link)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5319 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(morphology)Tj
5.142 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(performance)Tj
5.3518 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(piscivorous)Tj
4.7848 0 Td
(fish)Tj
1.6611 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(regards)Tj
3.1748 0 Td
(to)Tj
-36.561 -1.3039 Td
(their)Tj
2.1089 0 Td
(maximal)Tj
3.702 0 Td
(abilities)Tj
3.2939 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(capture)Tj
3.2145 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(swallow)Tj
3.3845 0 Td
(prey)Tj
1.9843 0 Td
(whole.)Tj
2.8346 0 Td
(Specifically,)Tj
4.9096 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6781 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3867 0 Td
(explored)Tj
3.7021 0 Td
(the)Tj
-35.9544 -1.2982 Td
(trophic)Tj
3.1294 0 Td
(morphology)Tj
5.142 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(four)Tj
1.9162 0 Td
(predatory)Tj
4.1272 0 Td
(fish)Tj
1.6611 0 Td
(species)Tj
2.999 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(identify)Tj
3.2938 0 Td
(potential)Tj
3.7587 0 Td
(prey)Tj
1.9899 0 Td
(size-limiting)Tj
5.2101 0 Td
(gapes)Tj
-35.2684 -1.2983 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(predict)Tj
3.0501 0 Td
(maximum)Tj
4.371 0 Td
(ingestible)Tj
4.0251 0 Td
(prey)Tj
1.9899 0 Td
(size.)Tj
1.9106 0 Td
(We)Tj
1.6101 0 Td
(then)Tj
2.0182 0 Td
(determined)Tj
4.8472 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(maximum)Tj
4.3766 0 Td
(size)Tj
1.6838 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(prey)Tj
-35.121 -1.3039 Td
(that)Tj
1.7744 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(successfully)Tj
4.8642 0 Td
(captured)Tj
3.7417 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(ingested)Tj
3.5319 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(two)Tj
1.7065 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4741 0 Td
(four)Tj
1.9105 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(species)Tj
2.9934 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(aquarium-)Tj
-31.9916 -1.2983 Td
(based)Tj
2.4717 0 Td
(experiments.)Tj
5.3632 0 Td
(By)Tj
1.2585 0 Td
(addressing)Tj
4.5071 0 Td
(both)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(morphological)Tj
6.0605 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(performance)Tj
5.3461 0 Td
(constraints,)Tj
4.8642 0 Td
(our)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(study)Tj
-35.2854 -1.2983 Td
(represents)Tj
4.3199 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(key)Tj
1.593 0 Td
(step)Tj
1.8199 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(understanding)Tj
6.0717 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(nature)Tj
2.8233 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(morphological)Tj
6.0605 0 Td
(constraints)Tj
4.6374 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(piscivory,)Tj
-32.5358 -1.2982 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(establishing)Tj
4.9266 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(functional)Tj
4.3086 0 Td
(basis)Tj
2.1487 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(maximum)Tj
4.3766 0 Td
(prey)Tj
1.9843 0 Td
(size)Tj
1.6837 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(piscivorous)Tj
4.7849 0 Td
(fishes.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 329.9527 cm
BT
/F2 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Materials)Tj
4.5071 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.989 0 Td
(methods)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 312.9448 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(This)Tj
1.9842 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(divided)Tj
3.2202 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(two)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
(sections.)Tj
3.634 0 Td
(Firstly,)Tj
2.9707 0 Td
(we)Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(quantified)Tj
4.3086 0 Td
(18)Tj
1.1735 0 Td
(morphological)Tj
6.0605 0 Td
(structures)Tj
-31.5097 -1.3039 Td
(\(gapes\))Tj
3.101 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(may)Tj
1.9332 0 Td
(limit)Tj
2.1147 0 Td
(prey)Tj
1.9899 0 Td
(size)Tj
1.6837 0 Td
(associated)Tj
4.2576 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(prey)Tj
1.9899 0 Td
(capture)Tj
3.2145 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(processing)Tj
4.4674 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(predatory)Tj
-31.4303 -1.2982 Td
(fishes)Tj
2.4491 0 Td
(\()Tj
/F12 1 Tf
[()2()20()7()12()4()-4()11()7()]TJ
4.1839 0 Td
[()11()20()-5( )]TJ
1.8822 0 Td
[(\n)10()-3()]TJ
1.6214 0 Td
[()6(\r)12()6(\r)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(\).)Tj
4.0422 0 Td
(Secondly,)Tj
4.0535 0 Td
(we)Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
(aquarium-based)Tj
6.7124 0 Td
(maximal)Tj
3.702 0 Td
(performance)Tj
-32.0369 -1.2983 Td
(experiments)Tj
5.1363 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(test)Tj
1.6044 0 Td
(whether)Tj
3.4753 0 Td
(gape)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(measurements)Tj
6.0321 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(predict)Tj
3.05 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(maximal)Tj
3.702 0 Td
(prey)Tj
1.9899 0 Td
(sizes)Tj
2.0466 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(preda-)Tj
-34.2309 -1.2983 Td
(tory)Tj
1.8481 0 Td
(fishes)Tj
2.4491 0 Td
(\()Tj
/F12 1 Tf
[()-16()4()2()-9()12()6()2()22()11(\r)11()]TJ
5.7884 0 Td
[()11()20()-5( )]TJ
1.8821 0 Td
[(\n)10()-3()]TJ
1.6215 0 Td
[()6(\r)12()6(\r)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(\).)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 234.4818 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Ethics)Tj
2.9149 0 Td
(statement)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 217.474 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(This)Tj
1.9842 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(conducted)Tj
4.4277 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(accordance)Tj
4.7395 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(animal)Tj
2.9707 0 Td
(ethics)Tj
2.5228 0 Td
(guidelines)Tj
4.2746 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(James)Tj
2.5909 0 Td
(Cook)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(Uni-)Tj
-35.5065 -1.2982 Td
(versity,)Tj
3.0727 0 Td
(Townsville,)Tj
4.7962 0 Td
(including)Tj
4.0422 0 Td
(authorization)Tj
5.6239 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0204 0 Td
(maintain)Tj
3.8381 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(captivity,)Tj
3.8607 0 Td
(film,)Tj
2.0637 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7347 0 Td
(feed)Tj
1.8822 0 Td
(study)Tj
-32.9723 -1.3039 Td
(organisms)Tj
4.3539 0 Td
(under)Tj
2.6192 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(James)Tj
2.5908 0 Td
(Cook)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(University)Tj
4.3994 0 Td
(Animal)Tj
3.2201 0 Td
(Welfare)Tj
3.3732 0 Td
(&)Tj
0.9241 0 Td
(Ethics)Tj
2.6702 0 Td
(Committee)Tj
4.7395 0 Td
(animal)Tj
2.9707 0 Td
(eth-)Tj
-35.7219 -1.2983 Td
(ics)Tj
1.2699 0 Td
(approvals)Tj
4.0648 0 Td
(A2298)Tj
2.8063 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(A2181.)Tj
3.0331 0 Td
(In)Tj
1.1055 0 Td
(order)Tj
2.4208 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(maintain)Tj
3.8381 0 Td
(minimal)Tj
3.6226 0 Td
(discomfort,)Tj
4.8132 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(optimal)Tj
3.3052 0 Td
(condi-)Tj
-34.7695 -1.2983 Td
(tions)Tj
2.1996 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(both)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(predator)Tj
3.668 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(prey)Tj
1.9843 0 Td
(organisms,)Tj
4.5807 0 Td
(individuals)Tj
4.6488 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(routinely)Tj
3.8665 0 Td
(monitored,)Tj
4.7168 0 Td
(fed)Tj
1.457 0 Td
(and)Tj
-34.4237 -1.3039 Td
(housing)Tj
3.4242 0 Td
(tanks)Tj
2.3584 0 Td
(cleaned,)Tj
3.4696 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(accordance)Tj
4.7339 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0012 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(authorized)Tj
4.5184 0 Td
(ethical)Tj
2.8403 0 Td
(procedures.)Tj
4.8982 0 Td
(Data)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(avail-)Tj
-34.3216 -1.2982 Td
(able)Tj
1.8311 0 Td
(in)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.0318 0 Td
(S3)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.4003 0 Td
(S4)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.3947 0 Td
(S5)Tj
0 g
1.1735 0 Td
(and)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.7291 0 Td
(S6)Tj
0 g
1.1679 0 Td
(Tables.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 112.9889 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Predicted)Tj
4.3937 0 Td
(prey)Tj
2.1402 0 Td
(size)Tj
1.9795 0 Td
(maxima)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 95.9811 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(Exploratory)Tj
4.9605 0 Td
(dissections)Tj
4.5638 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(initially)Tj
3.2485 0 Td
(carried)Tj
3.0387 0 Td
(out)Tj
1.5534 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2755 0 Td
(5)Tj
0.6917 0 Td
(barramundi)Tj
5.0286 0 Td
(\()Tj
/F12 1 Tf
[()-3(\r)22()11()8(\n)]TJ
2.5965 0 Td
[()7(\r)11()4()7(\r)16()-9()12()9()2()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(\))Tj
4.1613 0 Td
(\(f.)Tj
1.0715 0 Td
(Lati-)Tj
-34.316 -1.2982 Td
(dae\),)Tj
2.1713 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(catadromous)Tj
5.4312 0 Td
(species)Tj
2.999 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2054 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(Indo-Pacific)Tj
5.1534 0 Td
(region,)Tj
3.0273 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(order)Tj
2.4208 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(establish)Tj
3.6453 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(concise)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 107.1496 23.6976 re
W* n
q
107.0929 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 437.8393 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(Maximum)Tj
4.4929 0 Td
(prey)Tj
2.1331 0 Td
(size)Tj
1.963 0 Td
(in)Tj
0.985 0 Td
(pisciv)Tj
2.4449 0 Td
(orous)Tj
2.6788 0 Td
(fishes)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 48.0002 m
576 48.0002 l
576 47.5002 l
36 47.5002 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
81.5811 34.9228 m
237.8835 34.9228 l
h
f*
0 g
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 36 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.8559 0 Td
(ONE)Tj
2.3669 0 Td
(|)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
0.4748 0 Td
(https://doi.or)Tj
5.4142 0 Td
(g/10.137)Tj
3.8198 0 Td
(1/journal.po)Tj
5.1236 0 Td
(ne.01846)Tj
4.089 0 Td
(79)Tj
0 g
2.0906 0 Td
(September)Tj
5.0386 0 Td
(8,)Tj
1.0418 0 Td
(2017)Tj
32.8254 0 Td
(3)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(/)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
113 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
114 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
115 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
116 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
117 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
118 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
119 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
120 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
121 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
122 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
123 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
124 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
125 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
126 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
127 0 obj
<>stream
BT
66.402 0 Td
(19)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
128 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 8 0 R/Annots 130 0 R/Contents 131 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
130 0 obj
[132 0 R 133 0 R 134 0 R 135 0 R 136 0 R 137 0 R 138 0 R 139 0 R 140 0 R 141 0 R 142 0 R 143 0 R]
endobj
132 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref038)>>
endobj
133 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref040)>>
endobj
134 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref041)>>
endobj
135 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.t001)>>
endobj
136 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.g001)>>
endobj
137 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref014)>>
endobj
138 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref019)>>
endobj
139 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref020)>>
endobj
140 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.t001)>>
endobj
141 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.g001)>>
endobj
142 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.g001)>>
endobj
143 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 144 0 R>>
endobj
144 0 obj
<>
endobj
131 0 obj
[145 0 R 146 0 R 147 0 R 148 0 R 149 0 R 150 0 R 151 0 R 152 0 R 153 0 R]
endobj
145 0 obj
<>stream
q
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
327.9118 615.3449 m
337.663 615.3449 l
h
f*
342.9921 615.3449 m
352.7433 615.3449 l
h
f*
475.8236 576.3402 m
485.5748 576.3402 l
h
f*
389.8772 459.326 m
419.7543 459.326 l
h
f*
439.7102 459.326 m
459.8362 459.326 l
h
f*
545.4992 264.3024 m
555.2504 264.3024 l
h
f*
200.0126 251.3197 m
209.7638 251.3197 l
h
f*
214.3559 251.3197 m
224.1071 251.3197 l
h
f*
347.1874 238.337 m
376.4409 238.337 l
h
f*
395.8866 238.337 m
415.4457 238.337 l
h
f*
209.537 186.3496 m
229.0961 186.3496 l
h
f*
0 g
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 707.4141 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
0.009 Tc
0 0 Td
(methodology,)Tj
5.8846 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0489 0 Td
(identify)Tj
3.4015 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.669 0 Td
(full)Tj
1.576 0 Td
(range)Tj
2.5285 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0432 0 Td
(potential)Tj
3.8777 0 Td
(gapes)Tj
2.4832 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.8311 0 Td
(may)Tj
1.9673 0 Td
(limit)Tj
2.1826 0 Td
(maximum)Tj
4.4617 0 Td
(prey)Tj
-34.7241 -1.3039 Td
(size.)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.8198 0 Td
(average)Tj
3.3165 0 Td
(standard)Tj
3.8267 0 Td
(length)Tj
2.812 0 Td
(\(SL\))Tj
1.9616 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0431 0 Td
(these)Tj
2.3187 0 Td
(exploratory)Tj
4.9606 0 Td
(individuals)Tj
4.7905 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(130mm)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
3.3562 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
0.7994 0 Td
(5)Tj
-34.7128 -1.2982 Td
(standard)Tj
3.8267 0 Td
(error)Tj
2.3301 0 Td
(\(mean)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
2.8459 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
0.8051 0 Td
(SE\).)Tj
1.8822 0 Td
(Individuals)Tj
4.8642 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.177 0 Td
(purchased)Tj
4.4503 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2564 0 Td
(GFB)Tj
2.0806 0 Td
(Fisheries)Tj
3.8664 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0659 0 Td
(Kelso,)Tj
-32.4508 -1.2983 Td
(Queensland,)Tj
5.3744 0 Td
(Australia.)Tj
4.2009 0 Td
(Individuals)Tj
4.8642 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(species)Tj
3.0841 0 Td
(\(n)Tj
1.1395 0 Td
(=)Tj
0.8107 0 Td
(3\))Tj
1.0602 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.177 0 Td
(also)Tj
1.8198 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.109 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0431 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6633 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.4548 0 Td
(species)Tj
-33.5676 -1.2983 Td
(in)Tj
1.0601 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(section)Tj
3.1351 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0432 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6689 0 Td
(readily-available)Tj
6.9619 0 Td
(analogue)Tj
3.9061 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0431 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.5081 0 Td
(Indo-Pacific)Tj
5.3121 0 Td
(reef)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(barramundi)Tj
5.1534 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.1281 0 Td
(sand)Tj
-34.4293 -1.3039 Td
(bass)Tj
1.9332 0 Td
(\()Tj
/F12 1 Tf
[()18(\n)-3(\r)16()18()6()11()4()2()20()7(\r)]TJ
6.1851 0 Td
[()3(\r)16()10()-8()4()2(\n)10()-4(\n)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(\))Tj
4.6488 0 Td
(\(f.)Tj
1.1112 0 Td
(Latidae\).)Tj
3.8267 0 Td
(We)Tj
1.6328 0 Td
(also)Tj
1.8198 0 Td
(examined)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
4.2349 0 Td
[()-11()11()2()20()11()-4(\n)]TJ
2.9707 0 Td
[()3()10()12()14()11(\r)16(\n)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
3.3676 0 Td
(\(f.)Tj
1.1168 0 Td
(Scorpaeni-)Tj
-32.8476 -1.2982 Td
(dae\))Tj
1.9955 0 Td
(\(n)Tj
1.1339 0 Td
(=)Tj
0.8164 0 Td
(3\),)Tj
1.2982 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.669 0 Td
(coral)Tj
2.262 0 Td
(reef)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(ambush)Tj
3.4752 0 Td
(predator)Tj
3.7757 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2564 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.508 0 Td
(Indo-Pacific)Tj
5.3121 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.7156 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.5817 0 Td
(also)Tj
1.8198 0 Td
(invaded)Tj
-32.3997 -1.2983 Td
(Caribbean)Tj
4.49 0 Td
(marine)Tj
3.1634 0 Td
(ecosystems)Tj
4.7849 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(38)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(40)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
3.6453 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.8255 0 Td
(two)Tj
1.7462 0 Td
(other)Tj
2.4151 0 Td
(focal)Tj
2.1826 0 Td
(species)Tj
3.0841 0 Td
(were)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
2.177 0 Td
[()-2()2()10()6(\r)11()4()11()10()6()10()12()-4(\n)]TJ
5.8507 0 Td
[()12()20()]TJ
-35.3648 -1.3039 Td
[()4()8()11(\r)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
1.9445 0 Td
(\(f.)Tj
1.1112 0 Td
(Serranidae\),)Tj
5.2157 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2302 0 Td
(Indo-Pacific)Tj
5.3121 0 Td
(coral)Tj
2.2677 0 Td
(reef)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(ambush)Tj
3.4695 0 Td
(predator)Tj
3.7758 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.8311 0 Td
(forages)Tj
3.1635 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.2075 0 Td
(hiding)Tj
-32.309 -1.2983 Td
(undercover)Tj
4.9265 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.304 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.508 0 Td
(reef,)Tj
2.0182 0 Td
(and)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
1.7688 0 Td
[()23(\r)16()20(\r)6()1()12()-9()8()18()14()11()8(\n)]TJ
5.4255 0 Td
[()9()11()5(\n)9()11()2()-9()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
3.0614 0 Td
(\(f.)Tj
1.1112 0 Td
(Cirrhitidae\))Tj
5.1363 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2303 0 Td
(Indo-Pacific)Tj
5.3121 0 Td
(coral)Tj
2.2677 0 Td
(reef)Tj
-35.07 -1.2983 Td
(ambush)Tj
3.4752 0 Td
(predator)Tj
3.7701 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.8311 0 Td
(forages)Tj
3.1635 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.2075 0 Td
(resting)Tj
3.0444 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.3039 0 Td
(projections)Tj
4.8416 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.3039 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.508 0 Td
(reef)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(41)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.143 0 Td
(All)Tj
1.4343 0 Td
(coral)Tj
2.2677 0 Td
(reef)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(speci-)Tj
-34.8489 -1.3039 Td
(mens)Tj
2.4207 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1713 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2507 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.5024 0 Td
(Great)Tj
2.5228 0 Td
(Barrier)Tj
3.1294 0 Td
(Reef)Tj
2.024 0 Td
(\(GBR\))Tj
2.8743 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1656 0 Td
(sourced)Tj
3.4526 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2507 0 Td
(commercial)Tj
5.0797 0 Td
(aquarium)Tj
-33.613 -1.2982 Td
(suppliers.)Tj
4.1669 0 Td
(Fish)Tj
1.9558 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1714 0 Td
(euthanized)Tj
4.7451 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.4548 0 Td
(clove)Tj
2.3358 0 Td
(oil)Tj
1.2812 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2302 0 Td
(ice)Tj
1.372 0 Td
(water)Tj
2.4945 0 Td
(slurry.)Tj
2.8686 0 Td
(All)Tj
1.4343 0 Td
(measurements)Tj
-30.2794 -1.2983 Td
(were)Tj
2.1713 0 Td
(taken)Tj
2.4888 0 Td
(within)Tj
2.8913 0 Td
(one)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(hour)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0432 0 Td
(fish)Tj
1.7178 0 Td
(euthanasia.)Tj
4.8415 0 Td
(External)Tj
3.6793 0 Td
(body)Tj
2.2678 0 Td
(measurements)Tj
6.1908 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1713 0 Td
(taken)Tj
-33.4032 -1.3039 Td
(first:)Tj
2.1089 0 Td
(SL,)Tj
1.4967 0 Td
(total)Tj
2.0693 0 Td
(length)Tj
2.8063 0 Td
(\(TL\),)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(maximum)Tj
4.4617 0 Td
(depth)Tj
2.5795 0 Td
(\(MD\),)Tj
2.8233 0 Td
(maximum)Tj
4.4617 0 Td
(width)Tj
2.5908 0 Td
(\(MW\),)Tj
3.0501 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(mass)Tj
2.245 0 Td
(\(M\).)Tj
-34.8035 -1.2983 Td
(Allometric)Tj
4.6374 0 Td
(effects)Tj
2.812 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1769 0 Td
(minimized)Tj
4.6885 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.2076 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.4548 0 Td
(individuals)Tj
4.7961 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(similar)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(sizes)Tj
2.109 0 Td
(\(average)Tj
3.6737 0 Td
(SL)Tj
1.2585 0 Td
(for)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
1.423 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(.)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
-35.3534 -1.2982 Td
[()12()20()4()4()8()11(\r)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
3.3391 0 Td
(individuals)Tj
4.7906 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(96.3mm)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
3.5886 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
0.805 0 Td
(5.75)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(\(mean)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
2.8516 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
0.8051 0 Td
(SE\),)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
1.8822 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(.)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
1.0204 0 Td
[()9()11()5(\n)9()11()2()-9()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
3.0614 0 Td
(91.3mm)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
3.5943 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
0.7994 0 Td
(11.05,)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
2.6532 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(.)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
[()3()10()12()14()11(\r)16(\n)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
-32.8476 -1.2983 Td
(121.3mm)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
4.0761 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
0.8051 0 Td
(1.16,)Tj
2.16 0 Td
(and)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
1.7688 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(.)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
[()7(\r)11()4()7(\r)16()-9()12()9()2()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
4.7281 0 Td
(131.3mm)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
4.0762 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
0.8051 0 Td
(4\).)Tj
1.2982 0 Td
(Internal)Tj
3.5376 0 Td
(gape)Tj
2.109 0 Td
(measurements)Tj
6.1908 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1714 0 Td
(taken)Tj
-33.7264 -1.3039 Td
(sequentially,)Tj
5.3517 0 Td
(starting)Tj
3.3676 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2563 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.5081 0 Td
(oral)Tj
1.8311 0 Td
(gape,)Tj
2.3528 0 Td
(continuing)Tj
4.7508 0 Td
(inwards)Tj
3.5036 0 Td
(towards)Tj
3.4923 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.508 0 Td
(buccal)Tj
2.863 0 Td
(cavity,)Tj
-32.7853 -1.2983 Td
(pharyngeal)Tj
4.7735 0 Td
(jaws,)Tj
2.245 0 Td
(esophagus,)Tj
4.6998 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(stomach)Tj
3.6794 0 Td
(\(see)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.8198 0 Td
(Table)Tj
2.5058 0 Td
(1)Tj
0 g
0.7087 0 Td
(and)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.7688 0 Td
(Fig)Tj
1.5193 0 Td
(1)Tj
0 g
(\).)Tj
1.304 0 Td
(In)Tj
1.1338 0 Td
(total,)Tj
2.3074 0 Td
(18)Tj
1.1962 0 Td
(morpho-)Tj
-31.4303 -1.2983 Td
(logical)Tj
2.8969 0 Td
(gape)Tj
2.1147 0 Td
(measurements)Tj
6.1851 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.177 0 Td
(taken)Tj
2.4832 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.3039 0 Td
(each)Tj
2.0806 0 Td
(individual)Tj
4.4164 0 Td
(predator.)Tj
4.0138 0 Td
(Exploratory)Tj
5.1023 0 Td
(dissections)Tj
-32.7739 -1.3039 Td
(revealed)Tj
3.6283 0 Td
(difficulties)Tj
4.5581 0 Td
(when)Tj
2.4547 0 Td
(measuring)Tj
4.5581 0 Td
(internal)Tj
3.4639 0 Td
(gapes)Tj
2.4832 0 Td
(directly)Tj
3.3335 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0523 0 Td
(calipers.)Tj
3.6056 0 Td
(Also,)Tj
2.3074 0 Td
(it)Tj
0.8107 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7405 0 Td
(essen-)Tj
-34.9963 -1.2982 Td
(tial)Tj
1.5136 0 Td
(not)Tj
1.6158 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0488 0 Td
(cut)Tj
1.508 0 Td
(muscles)Tj
3.4753 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.1225 0 Td
(soft)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(tissue)Tj
2.5342 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.8311 0 Td
(might)Tj
2.6646 0 Td
(influence)Tj
4.0308 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.508 0 Td
(ability)Tj
2.7893 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(structures)Tj
4.3143 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.1282 0 Td
(tissues)Tj
2.9083 0 Td
(to)Tj
-36.7594 -1.2983 Td
(stretch.)Tj
3.2541 0 Td
(We)Tj
1.6327 0 Td
(therefore)Tj
3.9685 0 Td
(developed)Tj
4.388 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.669 0 Td
(methodology)Tj
5.6466 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.423 0 Td
(measuring)Tj
4.558 0 Td
(internal)Tj
3.464 0 Td
(gapes)Tj
2.4831 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.4548 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.669 0 Td
(spe-)Tj
-34.6108 -1.3039 Td
(cially)Tj
2.3697 0 Td
(modified)Tj
3.9515 0 Td
(set)Tj
1.3379 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0432 0 Td
(dissection)Tj
4.3369 0 Td
(scissors.)Tj
3.5717 0 Td
(Prior)Tj
2.364 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0489 0 Td
(use,)Tj
1.8085 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.508 0 Td
(points)Tj
2.8006 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.508 0 Td
(scissors)Tj
3.3392 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1713 0 Td
(individ-)Tj
-34.1969 -1.2983 Td
(ually)Tj
2.194 0 Td
(covered)Tj
3.4412 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0466 0 Td
(latex)Tj
2.1543 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0488 0 Td
(avoid)Tj
2.4775 0 Td
(soft)Tj
1.7234 0 Td
(tissue)Tj
2.5399 0 Td
(tearing.)Tj
3.3562 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.8198 0 Td
(front)Tj
2.3017 0 Td
(end)Tj
1.7575 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0431 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.508 0 Td
(scissors)Tj
3.3336 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7404 0 Td
(then)Tj
-34.486 -1.2983 Td
(inserted)Tj
3.5432 0 Td
(into)Tj
1.8936 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.508 0 Td
(oral)Tj
1.8312 0 Td
(cavity)Tj
2.6305 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.5137 0 Td
(fish)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0601 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.5137 0 Td
(desired)Tj
3.2088 0 Td
(position)Tj
3.6 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(opened.)Tj
3.4809 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.8255 0 Td
(width)Tj
2.5852 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0431 0 Td
(the)Tj
-35.7559 -1.2982 Td
(back)Tj
2.1316 0 Td
(end)Tj
1.7575 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0431 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.508 0 Td
(scissors,)Tj
3.5717 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.7155 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7405 0 Td
(still)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(outside)Tj
3.2258 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.508 0 Td
(mouth)Tj
2.965 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0432 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.508 0 Td
(fish,)Tj
1.9502 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7405 0 Td
(measured)Tj
4.2122 0 Td
(using)Tj
-34.3216 -1.3039 Td
(calipers,)Tj
3.6056 0 Td
(recording)Tj
4.2406 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.508 0 Td
(distance)Tj
3.6113 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.617 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.508 0 Td
(midpoint)Tj
4.0762 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0432 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.508 0 Td
(two)Tj
1.7461 0 Td
(handles.)Tj
3.617 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.8255 0 Td
(scissors)Tj
3.3335 0 Td
(were)Tj
-35.24 -1.2983 Td
(then)Tj
2.0692 0 Td
(closed)Tj
2.7836 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(removed)Tj
3.8381 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2564 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.508 0 Td
(oral)Tj
1.8312 0 Td
(cavity.)Tj
2.8686 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.8198 0 Td
(distance)Tj
3.6057 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.6226 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.508 0 Td
(midpoint)Tj
4.0762 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0432 0 Td
(the)Tj
-34.6051 -1.2983 Td
(two)Tj
1.7461 0 Td
(handles)Tj
3.3789 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7404 0 Td
(then)Tj
2.0693 0 Td
(recreated,)Tj
4.2746 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.508 0 Td
(front)Tj
2.2961 0 Td
(end)Tj
1.7575 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0431 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.508 0 Td
(scissors)Tj
3.3336 0 Td
(\(which)Tj
3.0727 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(previously)Tj
-31.2319 -1.3039 Td
(inside)Tj
2.6928 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.5081 0 Td
(fish\))Tj
2.0692 0 Td
(measured)Tj
4.2123 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.4548 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6633 0 Td
(pair)Tj
1.8652 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(calipers)Tj
3.3675 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0545 0 Td
(record)Tj
2.9196 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.5081 0 Td
(desired)Tj
3.2144 0 Td
(internal)Tj
3.4639 0 Td
(gape)Tj
2.109 0 Td
(mea-)Tj
-34.1402 -1.2982 Td
(surement.)Tj
4.3369 0 Td
(It)Tj
0.8844 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(considered)Tj
4.7339 0 Td
(essential)Tj
3.6963 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0545 0 Td
(stretch)Tj
3.0104 0 Td
(structures)Tj
4.3143 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(tissues)Tj
2.914 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0488 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.1713 0 Td
(mechanical)Tj
-31.6684 -1.2983 Td
(maximum,)Tj
4.6998 0 Td
(since)Tj
2.3073 0 Td
(previous)Tj
3.7531 0 Td
(studies)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.1146 0 Td
(found)Tj
2.6816 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.669 0 Td
(functional)Tj
4.439 0 Td
(mismatch)Tj
4.2746 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.617 0 Td
(gapes)Tj
2.4888 0 Td
(and)Tj
-34.1232 -1.3039 Td
(prey,)Tj
2.2733 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0523 0 Td
(predators)Tj
4.1499 0 Td
(being)Tj
2.4945 0 Td
(able)Tj
1.8822 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0488 0 Td
(feed)Tj
1.9389 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2982 0 Td
(prey)Tj
2.0409 0 Td
(larger)Tj
2.6079 0 Td
(than)Tj
2.0806 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.1713 0 Td
(measured)Tj
4.2123 0 Td
(oral)Tj
1.8312 0 Td
(gape)Tj
2.1146 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(14)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
-34.1969 -1.2983 Td
(19)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.4343 0 Td
(20)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
-0.004 Tc
-0.2381 -1.2983 Td
(Following)Tj
4.2236 0 Td
(measurements)Tj
6.032 0 Td
(`a-i`\(see)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
3.2655 0 Td
(Table)Tj
2.4435 0 Td
(1)Tj
0 g
0.6973 0 Td
(and)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.7291 0 Td
(Fig)Tj
1.4797 0 Td
(1)Tj
0 g
(\),)Tj
1.2642 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(upper)Tj
2.5738 0 Td
(jaw)Tj
1.5988 0 Td
(\(maxilla)Tj
3.4695 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(premax-)Tj
-33.1708 -1.3039 Td
(illa\))Tj
1.7517 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1204 0 Td
(removed,)Tj
3.9741 0 Td
(along)Tj
2.4208 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0012 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(soft)Tj
1.6724 0 Td
(tissue)Tj
2.4604 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(mandible)Tj
3.9968 0 Td
(\(dentary)Tj
3.617 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(articular\).)Tj
-32.207 -1.2982 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(basihyal)Tj
3.4526 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(urohyal)Tj
3.2882 0 Td
(complex)Tj
3.6226 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(then)Tj
2.0182 0 Td
(cut,)Tj
1.6952 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(hyoid)Tj
2.5058 0 Td
(arch)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
(removed.)Tj
3.9742 0 Td
(These)Tj
2.5681 0 Td
(removals)Tj
-33.9304 -1.2983 Td
(allowed)Tj
3.2881 0 Td
(better)Tj
2.5398 0 Td
(access)Tj
2.6476 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(esophageal)Tj
4.558 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(stomach)Tj
3.5943 0 Td
(measurements.)Tj
6.2588 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(pectoral)Tj
3.4412 0 Td
(girdle)Tj
2.5228 0 Td
(\(p)Tj
1.0772 0 Td
(and)Tj
-35.9317 -1.2983 Td
(q;)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
0.9524 0 Td
(Fig)Tj
1.4797 0 Td
(1)Tj
0 g
(\))Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7007 0 Td
(measured)Tj
4.1103 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(removing)Tj
4.0762 0 Td
(connective)Tj
4.541 0 Td
(tissue)Tj
2.4605 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(pectoral)Tj
3.4412 0 Td
(girdle)Tj
2.5229 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(pha-)Tj
-35.6879 -1.3039 Td
(ryngeal)Tj
3.1577 0 Td
(apparatus,)Tj
4.3313 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7235 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4627 0 Td
(muscles)Tj
3.3788 0 Td
(connecting)Tj
4.6658 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4627 0 Td
(upper)Tj
2.5738 0 Td
(pharyngeal)Tj
4.6375 0 Td
(jaws)Tj
1.9502 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(neurocranium)Tj
-31.8272 -1.2983 Td
(\()Tj
/F12 1 Tf
[()4()-5()3(\r)22()11()11()]TJ
3.2314 0 Td
[()1()11()2()-9()18()-4(\n)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(,)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
3.7417 0 Td
[()4()-5()3(\r)22()11()11()]TJ
2.8914 0 Td
[()12()22()11()2()-9()18()-4(\n)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(,)Tj
3.6736 0 Td
(and)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
1.7348 0 Td
[()4()-5()3(\r)22()11()11()]TJ
2.8913 0 Td
[()4()7(\n)9()11()2()-9()4()11()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
3.9515 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(reveal)Tj
2.5738 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(paired)Tj
2.761 0 Td
(cleithra)Tj
3.2144 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(situ.)Tj
-34.1912 -1.2982 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(stretchability)Tj
5.3971 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(soft)Tj
1.6781 0 Td
(tissues)Tj
2.8176 0 Td
(past)Tj
1.8312 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(pharyngeal)Tj
4.6431 0 Td
(apparatus)Tj
4.1159 0 Td
(did)Tj
1.542 0 Td
(not)Tj
1.576 0 Td
(appear)Tj
2.914 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1508 0 Td
(affected)Tj
3.3279 0 Td
(by)Tj
-36.2832 -1.3039 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(aforementioned)Tj
6.6103 0 Td
(dissections.)Tj
4.7906 0 Td
(In)Tj
1.1055 0 Td
(order)Tj
2.4207 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(take)Tj
1.8708 0 Td
(stomach)Tj
3.5943 0 Td
(measurements,)Tj
6.2532 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(pectoral)Tj
3.4413 0 Td
(girdle)Tj
-34.0552 -1.2983 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(removed.)Tj
3.9684 0 Td
(This)Tj
1.9843 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(done)Tj
2.2223 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(cutting)Tj
3.0444 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(connective)Tj
4.5354 0 Td
(tissue)Tj
2.4548 0 Td
(binding)Tj
3.3448 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(pharyngeal)Tj
4.6374 0 Td
(apparatus)Tj
-33.698 -1.2983 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(esophagus)Tj
4.3427 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(pectoral)Tj
3.4412 0 Td
(girdle.)Tj
2.744 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(anterior)Tj
3.4412 0 Td
(end)Tj
1.7235 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(visceral)Tj
3.2032 0 Td
(cavity)Tj
2.5511 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(then)Tj
2.0183 0 Td
(cut)Tj
-35.1267 -1.3039 Td
(along)Tj
2.4207 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(dorsoventral)Tj
5.2724 0 Td
(axis)Tj
1.7461 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(body,)Tj
2.4435 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(stomach)Tj
3.5943 0 Td
(cut)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(intestines)Tj
4.0195 0 Td
(before)Tj
2.7382 0 Td
(the)Tj
-34.5257 -1.2982 Td
(pyloric)Tj
3.0047 0 Td
(caeca,)Tj
2.5851 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(permit)Tj
2.914 0 Td
(internal)Tj
3.3618 0 Td
(gapes)Tj
2.4208 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1452 0 Td
(measured.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 107.1496 23.6976 re
W* n
q
107.0929 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 437.8393 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(Maximum)Tj
4.4929 0 Td
(prey)Tj
2.1331 0 Td
(size)Tj
1.963 0 Td
(in)Tj
0.985 0 Td
(pisciv)Tj
2.4449 0 Td
(orous)Tj
2.6788 0 Td
(fishes)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 48.0002 m
576 48.0002 l
576 47.5002 l
36 47.5002 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
81.5811 34.9228 m
237.8835 34.9228 l
h
f*
0 g
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 36 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.8559 0 Td
(ONE)Tj
2.3669 0 Td
(|)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
0.4748 0 Td
(https://doi.or)Tj
5.4142 0 Td
(g/10.137)Tj
3.8198 0 Td
(1/journal.po)Tj
5.1236 0 Td
(ne.01846)Tj
4.089 0 Td
(79)Tj
0 g
2.0906 0 Td
(September)Tj
5.0386 0 Td
(8,)Tj
1.0418 0 Td
(2017)Tj
32.8254 0 Td
(4)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(/)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
146 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
147 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
148 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
149 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
150 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
151 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
152 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
153 0 obj
<>stream
BT
66.402 0 Td
(19)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
154 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 8 0 R/Annots 156 0 R/Contents 157 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
156 0 obj
[158 0 R 159 0 R 160 0 R 161 0 R 162 0 R]
endobj
158 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.ref005)>>
endobj
159 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Lpone.0184679.t001)>>
endobj
160 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184679.g001)>>
endobj
161 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 163 0 R>>
endobj
163 0 obj
<>
endobj
162 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 164 0 R>>
endobj
164 0 obj
<>
endobj
157 0 obj
[165 0 R 166 0 R 167 0 R 168 0 R 169 0 R]
endobj
165 0 obj
<>stream
q
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
361.9276 118.6583 m
366.6898 118.6583 l
h
f*
0 g
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 201.7133 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Experimental)Tj
5.9858 0 Td
(prey)Tj
2.1449 0 Td
(size)Tj
1.9748 0 Td
(maxima)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 184.7055 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(We)Tj
1.61 0 Td
(experimentally)Tj
6.1568 0 Td
(evaluated)Tj
3.9912 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(maximum)Tj
4.371 0 Td
(prey)Tj
1.9899 0 Td
(size)Tj
1.6838 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(could)Tj
2.4492 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1508 0 Td
(successfully)Tj
4.8642 0 Td
(captured)Tj
3.7418 0 Td
(and)Tj
-35.2571 -1.2982 Td
(ingested)Tj
3.5319 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(two)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
(focal)Tj
2.1146 0 Td
(predatory)Tj
4.1272 0 Td
(species:)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
3.2202 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(.)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
1.0658 0 Td
[()12()20()4()4()8()11(\r)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
3.2485 0 Td
(\(n)Tj
1.1112 0 Td
(=)Tj
0.7993 0 Td
(3\),)Tj
1.2586 0 Td
(and)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
1.7291 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(.)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
0.9978 0 Td
[()9()11()5(\n)9()11()2()-9()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
2.9594 0 Td
(\(n)Tj
1.1111 0 Td
(=)Tj
0.7994 0 Td
(3\).)Tj
1.2586 0 Td
(Ethics)Tj
-32.0823 -1.2983 Td
(approval)Tj
3.702 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6781 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3867 0 Td
(limited)Tj
3.0671 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(number)Tj
3.4186 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(individuals)Tj
4.6487 0 Td
(per)Tj
1.5307 0 Td
(species)Tj
2.9934 0 Td
(\(JCU)Tj
2.2904 0 Td
(Ethics)Tj
2.6702 0 Td
(approval)Tj
-32.258 -1.3039 Td
(A2298\).)Tj
3.3732 0 Td
(All)Tj
1.3946 0 Td
(experiments)Tj
5.1363 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(carried)Tj
3.0387 0 Td
(out)Tj
1.5534 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(James)Tj
2.5852 0 Td
(Cook)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(University,)Tj
4.6318 0 Td
(Queensland,)Tj
5.2328 0 Td
(Australia,)Tj
4.0648 0 Td
(in)Tj
-36.4816 -1.2983 Td
(June)Tj
2.0466 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(July)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(2016.)Tj
2.3471 0 Td
(Predators)Tj
4.0762 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(held)Tj
1.9445 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(individual)Tj
4.286 0 Td
(20L)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
(aquaria,)Tj
3.4186 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(reduce)Tj
2.9197 0 Td
(anti-predatory)Tj
-30.4439 -1.2982 Td
(behaviour)Tj
4.2406 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(prey)Tj
1.9899 0 Td
(fish)Tj
1.6611 0 Td
(\(see)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(Christensen)Tj
5.0116 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(5)Tj
0 g
(]\).)Tj
1.9445 0 Td
(Biological)Tj
4.1613 0 Td
(filtration)Tj
3.7474 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(all)Tj
1.1451 0 Td
(aquaria)Tj
3.1975 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(provided)Tj
-33.1311 -1.3039 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(canister)Tj
3.3448 0 Td
(filter)Tj
2.1147 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(90L)Tj
1.7065 0 Td
(wet/dry)Tj
3.3108 0 Td
(trickle)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(filter)Tj
2.1147 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0012 0 Td
(coral)Tj
2.1997 0 Td
(rubble.)Tj
3.0274 0 Td
(Lighting)Tj
3.6 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(turned)Tj
2.9196 0 Td
(on)Tj
-35.0019 -1.2983 Td
(every)Tj
2.347 0 Td
(morning)Tj
3.7474 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(8-9am)Tj
2.7723 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(turned)Tj
2.914 0 Td
(off)Tj
1.3039 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(evening)Tj
3.3506 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(6-7pm.)Tj
3.0841 0 Td
(Live)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
1.9048 0 Td
[()30()7(\r)16()22()10()6()4()13()18()20()11()18()-4(\n)]TJ
ET
Q
q
0.45 0.36 0.35 0.01 k
1 j
1 J
0 w
199.9998 703.8893 m
575.9997 703.8893 l
575.9997 703.3893 l
199.9998 703.3893 l
f*
318.1595 703.3893 m
318.1595 690.8893 l
317.6595 690.8893 l
317.6595 703.3893 l
f*
317.6595 690.8893 m
199.9998 690.8893 l
199.9998 691.3894 l
317.6595 691.3894 l
f*
575.9997 690.8893 m
318.1595 690.8893 l
318.1595 691.3894 l
575.9997 691.3894 l
f*
318.1595 690.8893 m
318.1595 668.8894 l
317.6595 668.8894 l
317.6595 690.8893 l
f*
317.6595 668.8894 m
199.9998 668.8894 l
199.9998 669.3894 l
317.6595 669.3894 l
f*
575.9997 668.8894 m
318.1595 668.8894 l
318.1595 669.3894 l
575.9997 669.3894 l
f*
318.1595 668.8894 m
318.1595 646.8894 l
317.6595 646.8894 l
317.6595 668.8894 l
f*
317.6595 646.8894 m
199.9998 646.8894 l
199.9998 647.3894 l
317.6595 647.3894 l
f*
575.9997 646.8894 m
318.1595 646.8894 l
318.1595 647.3894 l
575.9997 647.3894 l
f*
318.1595 646.8894 m
318.1595 624.8894 l
317.6595 624.8894 l
317.6595 646.8894 l
f*
317.6595 624.8894 m
199.9998 624.8894 l
199.9998 625.3894 l
317.6595 625.3894 l
f*
575.9997 624.8894 m
318.1595 624.8894 l
318.1595 625.3894 l
575.9997 625.3894 l
f*
318.1595 624.8894 m
318.1595 602.8894 l
317.6595 602.8894 l
317.6595 624.8894 l
f*
317.6595 602.8894 m
199.9998 602.8894 l
199.9998 603.3895 l
317.6595 603.3895 l
f*
575.9997 602.8894 m
318.1595 602.8894 l
318.1595 603.3895 l
575.9997 603.3895 l
f*
318.1595 602.8894 m
318.1595 580.8895 l
317.6595 580.8895 l
317.6595 602.8894 l
f*
317.6595 580.8895 m
199.9998 580.8895 l
199.9998 581.3895 l
317.6595 581.3895 l
f*
575.9997 580.8895 m
318.1595 580.8895 l
318.1595 581.3895 l
575.9997 581.3895 l
f*
318.1595 580.8895 m
318.1595 558.8895 l
317.6595 558.8895 l
317.6595 580.8895 l
f*
317.6595 558.8895 m
199.9998 558.8895 l
199.9998 559.3895 l
317.6595 559.3895 l
f*
575.9997 558.8895 m
318.1595 558.8895 l
318.1595 559.3895 l
575.9997 559.3895 l
f*
318.1595 558.8895 m
318.1595 536.8895 l
317.6595 536.8895 l
317.6595 558.8895 l
f*
317.6595 536.8895 m
199.9998 536.8895 l
199.9998 537.3896 l
317.6595 537.3896 l
f*
575.9997 536.8895 m
318.1595 536.8895 l
318.1595 537.3896 l
575.9997 537.3896 l
f*
318.1595 536.8895 m
318.1595 514.8896 l
317.6595 514.8896 l
317.6595 536.8895 l
f*
317.6595 514.8896 m
199.9998 514.8896 l
199.9998 515.3896 l
317.6595 515.3896 l
f*
575.9997 514.8896 m
318.1595 514.8896 l
318.1595 515.3896 l
575.9997 515.3896 l
f*
318.1595 514.8896 m
318.1595 492.8896 l
317.6595 492.8896 l
317.6595 514.8896 l
f*
317.6595 492.8896 m
199.9998 492.8896 l
199.9998 493.3896 l
317.6595 493.3896 l
f*
575.9997 492.8896 m
318.1595 492.8896 l
318.1595 493.3896 l
575.9997 493.3896 l
f*
318.1595 492.8896 m
318.1595 470.8896 l
317.6595 470.8896 l
317.6595 492.8896 l
f*
317.6595 470.8896 m
199.9998 470.8896 l
199.9998 471.3897 l
317.6595 471.3897 l
f*
575.9997 470.8896 m
318.1595 470.8896 l
318.1595 471.3897 l
575.9997 471.3897 l
f*
318.1595 470.8896 m
318.1595 448.8897 l
317.6595 448.8897 l
317.6595 470.8896 l
f*
317.6595 448.8897 m
199.9998 448.8897 l
199.9998 449.3897 l
317.6595 449.3897 l
f*
575.9997 448.8897 m
318.1595 448.8897 l
318.1595 449.3897 l
575.9997 449.3897 l
f*
318.1595 448.8897 m
318.1595 426.8897 l
317.6595 426.8897 l
317.6595 448.8897 l
f*
317.6595 426.8897 m
199.9998 426.8897 l
199.9998 427.3897 l
317.6595 427.3897 l
f*
575.9997 426.8897 m
318.1595 426.8897 l
318.1595 427.3897 l
575.9997 427.3897 l
f*
318.1595 426.8897 m
318.1595 404.8897 l
317.6595 404.8897 l
317.6595 426.8897 l
f*
317.6595 404.8897 m
199.9998 404.8897 l
199.9998 405.3898 l
317.6595 405.3898 l
f*
575.9997 404.8897 m
318.1595 404.8897 l
318.1595 405.3898 l
575.9997 405.3898 l
f*
318.1595 404.8897 m
318.1595 373.3897 l
317.6595 373.3897 l
317.6595 404.8897 l
f*
317.6595 373.3897 m
199.9998 373.3897 l
199.9998 373.8898 l
317.6595 373.8898 l
f*
575.9997 373.3897 m
318.1595 373.3897 l
318.1595 373.8898 l
575.9997 373.8898 l
f*
318.1595 373.3897 m
318.1595 351.3898 l
317.6595 351.3898 l
317.6595 373.3897 l
f*
317.6595 351.3898 m
199.9998 351.3898 l
199.9998 351.8898 l
317.6595 351.8898 l
f*
575.9997 351.3898 m
318.1595 351.3898 l
318.1595 351.8898 l
575.9997 351.8898 l
f*
318.1595 351.3898 m
318.1595 329.3898 l
317.6595 329.3898 l
317.6595 351.3898 l
f*
317.6595 329.3898 m
199.9998 329.3898 l
199.9998 329.8898 l
317.6595 329.8898 l
f*
575.9997 329.3898 m
318.1595 329.3898 l
318.1595 329.8898 l
575.9997 329.8898 l
f*
318.1595 329.3898 m
318.1595 307.3898 l
317.6595 307.3898 l
317.6595 329.3898 l
f*
317.6595 307.3898 m
199.9998 307.3898 l
199.9998 307.8899 l
317.6595 307.8899 l
f*
575.9997 307.3898 m
318.1595 307.3898 l
318.1595 307.8899 l
575.9997 307.8899 l
f*
318.1595 307.3898 m
318.1595 285.3899 l
317.6595 285.3899 l
317.6595 307.3898 l
f*
317.6595 285.3899 m
199.9998 285.3899 l
199.9998 285.8899 l
317.6595 285.8899 l
f*
575.9997 285.3899 m
318.1595 285.3899 l
318.1595 285.8899 l
575.9997 285.8899 l
f*
575.9997 239.6398 m
199.9998 239.6398 l
199.9998 240.1398 l
575.9997 240.1398 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
542.0976 244.5732 m
559.389 244.5732 l
h
f*
200.0126 226.5449 m
350.7591 226.5449 l
h
f*
0 g
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 200.0125 708.7181 cm
BT
/F2 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(Table)Tj
2.7992 0 Td
(1.)Tj
1.2614 0 Td
(Summa)Tj
3.5646 0 Td
(ry)Tj
1.148 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.1552 0 Td
(internal)Tj
3.7843 0 Td
(gape)Tj
2.5228 0 Td
(measureme)Tj
5.4709 0 Td
(nts)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(taken)Tj
2.7922 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.4315 0 Td
(each)Tj
2.4661 0 Td
(individu)Tj
3.7985 0 Td
(al)Tj
1.0417 0 Td
(predatory)Tj
4.7694 0 Td
(fish.)Tj
0 Tc
-39.7066 -1.8567 Td
(Morpholo)Tj
4.5567 0 Td
(gical)Tj
2.5016 0 Td
(measureme)Tj
5.5134 0 Td
(nt)Tj
2.4449 0 Td
(Descriptio)Tj
4.8685 0 Td
(n)Tj
/F0 1 Tf
-19.8851 -1.559 Td
(\()Tj
/F2 1 Tf
(a)Tj
/F0 1 Tf
(\))Tj
1.4456 0 Td
(Vertica)Tj
3.0898 0 Td
(l)Tj
0.4536 0 Td
(oral)Tj
1.8779 0 Td
(gape)Tj
8.2773 0 Td
(Vertical)Tj
3.5433 0 Td
(distance)Tj
3.926 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.9756 0 Td
(anteriormos)Tj
5.2442 0 Td
(t)Tj
0.5102 0 Td
(upper)Tj
2.7638 0 Td
(jaw)Tj
1.715 0 Td
(\(premaxilla-)Tj
5.1803 0 Td
(premaxilla)Tj
-26.8584 -1.1906 Td
(joint\))Tj
2.3811 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.878 0 Td
(lower)Tj
2.6008 0 Td
(jaw)Tj
1.7149 0 Td
(\(dentary-d)Tj
4.5213 0 Td
(entary)Tj
2.9977 0 Td
(joint\))Tj
-31.238 -1.5591 Td
(\()Tj
/F2 1 Tf
(b)Tj
/F0 1 Tf
(\))Tj
1.5023 0 Td
(Horizontal)Tj
4.6985 0 Td
(articular)Tj
3.763 0 Td
(oral)Tj
1.878 0 Td
(gape)Tj
3.3024 0 Td
(Medial)Tj
3.1464 0 Td
(distance)Tj
3.9261 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.9827 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6086 0 Td
(two)Tj
1.7788 0 Td
(articular)Tj
3.7559 0 Td
(bones,)Tj
3.2103 0 Td
(measured)Tj
4.6488 0 Td
(at)Tj
1.056 0 Td
(the)Tj
-27.1136 -1.1905 Td
(dorsopo)Tj
3.5787 0 Td
(sterior)Tj
2.9977 0 Td
(margin)Tj
-21.7206 -1.5591 Td
(\()Tj
/F2 1 Tf
(c)Tj
/F0 1 Tf
(\))Tj
1.4456 0 Td
(Horizont)Tj
3.6922 0 Td
(al)Tj
0.9992 0 Td
(maxillary)Tj
4.1457 0 Td
(oral)Tj
-10.2827 -1.1905 Td
(gape)Tj
15.1442 1.1905 Td
(Maximum)Tj
4.5354 0 Td
(medial)Tj
3.1536 0 Td
(distance)Tj
3.926 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.9756 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6087 0 Td
(left)Tj
1.5591 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.885 0 Td
(right)Tj
2.1615 0 Td
(maxilla-pre)Tj
4.8472 0 Td
(maxilla)Tj
-27.6521 -1.1905 Td
(complexe)Tj
4.2449 0 Td
(s,)Tj
1.0134 0 Td
(above)Tj
2.9268 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6086 0 Td
(dentary)Tj
3.5434 0 Td
(articular)Tj
3.763 0 Td
(margins)Tj
-32.2443 -1.5591 Td
(\()Tj
/F2 1 Tf
(d)Tj
/F0 1 Tf
(\))Tj
1.5023 0 Td
(Vertical)Tj
3.5434 0 Td
(first)Tj
1.8425 0 Td
(buccal)Tj
3.0969 0 Td
(distance)Tj
5.1591 0 Td
(Vertical)Tj
3.5433 0 Td
(distance)Tj
3.926 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.9756 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6158 0 Td
(dorsal)Tj
2.9268 0 Td
(buccal)Tj
3.0969 0 Td
(cavity)Tj
2.7709 0 Td
(roof)Tj
1.9488 0 Td
(just)Tj
1.7717 0 Td
(beneath)Tj
3.8126 0 Td
(the)Tj
-29.3884 -1.1906 Td
(eye,)Tj
2.1118 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.878 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6086 0 Td
(midpoint)Tj
3.9827 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.056 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6157 0 Td
(basihyal)Tj
-27.397 -1.559 Td
(\()Tj
/F2 1 Tf
(e)Tj
/F0 1 Tf
(\))Tj
1.4456 0 Td
(Horizont)Tj
3.6922 0 Td
(al)Tj
0.9992 0 Td
(first)Tj
1.8425 0 Td
(buccal)Tj
-7.9795 -1.1906 Td
(distance)Tj
15.1442 1.1906 Td
(Horizonta)Tj
4.2449 0 Td
(l)Tj
0.4464 0 Td
(distance)Tj
3.9331 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.9757 0 Td
(anterior)Tj
3.5929 0 Td
(margins)Tj
3.763 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0559 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6158 0 Td
(suspens)Tj
3.6922 0 Td
(oria)Tj
1.885 0 Td
(\(i.e.)Tj
-28.2049 -1.1906 Td
(between)Tj
3.9756 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6157 0 Td
(medial)Tj
3.1465 0 Td
(faces)Tj
2.6079 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.063 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6087 0 Td
(ectoptery)Tj
4.089 0 Td
(goids\))Tj
-33.2506 -1.5591 Td
(\()Tj
/F2 1 Tf
(f)Tj
/F0 1 Tf
(\))Tj
1.2259 0 Td
(Vertical)Tj
3.5434 0 Td
(second)Tj
3.4299 0 Td
(buccal)Tj
-8.1992 -1.1905 Td
(distance)Tj
15.1442 1.1905 Td
(Dorsoven)Tj
4.2449 0 Td
(tral)Tj
1.6157 0 Td
(distance)Tj
3.9261 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.9756 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6087 0 Td
(2)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
5.9998 0 0 5.3325 448.5543 574.9228 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
0 0 Td
(nd)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 457.0015 571.4078 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
0 0 Td
(basibranchi)Tj
5.0669 0 Td
(al)Tj
0.9992 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.8851 0 Td
(roof)Tj
1.9417 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.063 0 Td
(the)Tj
-27.9355 -1.1905 Td
(buccal)Tj
3.0969 0 Td
(cavity)Tj
-18.2411 -1.5591 Td
(\()Tj
/F2 1 Tf
(g)Tj
/F0 1 Tf
(\))Tj
1.5023 0 Td
(Horizontal)Tj
4.6985 0 Td
(second)Tj
3.43 0 Td
(buccal)Tj
-9.6308 -1.1905 Td
(distance)Tj
15.1442 1.1905 Td
(Maximum)Tj
4.5355 0 Td
(horizontal)Tj
4.5354 0 Td
(distanc)Tj
3.1394 0 Td
(e)Tj
0.7866 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.9757 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6085 0 Td
(1)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
5.9998 0 0 5.3325 474.2362 552.9259 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
0 0 Td
(st)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 480.7559 549.411 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
0 0 Td
(gill)Tj
1.4385 0 Td
(arch)Tj
2.1615 0 Td
(\(1)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
5.9998 0 0 5.3325 516.5858 552.9259 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
0 0 Td
(st)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 321.1653 539.8866 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
0 0 Td
(ceratobranc)Tj
5.2441 0 Td
(hials\))Tj
-20.3883 -1.559 Td
(\()Tj
/F2 1 Tf
(h)Tj
/F0 1 Tf
(\))Tj
1.5024 0 Td
(Vertical)Tj
3.5433 0 Td
(pharyngeal)Tj
5.1308 0 Td
(jaw)Tj
-10.1765 -1.1906 Td
(distance)Tj
15.1442 1.1906 Td
(Dorsoven)Tj
4.2449 0 Td
(tral)Tj
1.6157 0 Td
(distance)Tj
3.926 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.9757 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6086 0 Td
(upper)Tj
2.7638 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.8851 0 Td
(lower)Tj
2.5937 0 Td
(pharyngeal)Tj
5.1308 0 Td
(jaws)Tj
-27.7443 -1.1906 Td
(\(3)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
5.9998 0 0 5.3325 328.1952 521.4614 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
0 0 Td
(rd)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 333.5244 517.8897 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
0 0 Td
(,4)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
5.9998 0 0 5.3325 340.1574 521.4614 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
0 0 Td
(th)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 347.0173 517.8897 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
0 0 Td
(pharyng)Tj
3.5787 0 Td
(obranchials)Tj
5.3008 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.878 0 Td
(5)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
5.9998 0 0 5.3325 437.4992 521.4614 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
0 0 Td
(th)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 444.359 517.8897 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
0 0 Td
(ceratobran)Tj
4.7409 0 Td
(chials\))Tj
-35.2844 -1.559 Td
(\()Tj
/F2 1 Tf
(i)Tj
/F0 1 Tf
(\))Tj
1.1764 0 Td
(Horizont)Tj
3.6921 0 Td
(al)Tj
0.9993 0 Td
(4)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
5.9998 0 0 5.3325 251.3763 508.9322 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
0 0 Td
(th)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 258.1795 505.4173 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
0 0 Td
(gill)Tj
1.4385 0 Td
(arch)Tj
-8.7094 -1.1905 Td
(distance)Tj
15.1441 1.1905 Td
(Horizonta)Tj
4.245 0 Td
(l)Tj
0.4464 0 Td
(distance)Tj
3.9331 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.9756 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6087 0 Td
(4)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
5.9998 0 0 5.3325 439.2566 508.9322 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
0 0 Td
(th)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 446.1165 505.4173 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
0 0 Td
(ceratobra)Tj
4.1882 0 Td
(nchials)Tj
-34.9514 -2.7567 Td
(\()Tj
/F2 1 Tf
(j)Tj
/F0 1 Tf
(\))Tj
1.1764 0 Td
(Anterior)Tj
3.7063 0 Td
(esophagus)Tj
5.0812 0 Td
(vertical)Tj
-9.9639 -1.1834 Td
(distance)Tj
15.1442 1.1834 Td
(Dorsoven)Tj
4.2449 0 Td
(tral)Tj
1.6158 0 Td
(distance)Tj
3.926 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.9756 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6087 0 Td
(inner)Tj
2.4306 0 Td
(walls)Tj
2.4379 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0559 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6157 0 Td
(anterio)Tj
3.026 0 Td
(r)Tj
0.567 0 Td
(region)Tj
2.9835 0 Td
(of)Tj
-29.4876 -1.1834 Td
(the)Tj
1.6087 0 Td
(esophagus,)Tj
5.3646 0 Td
(located)Tj
3.4229 0 Td
(posterior)Tj
4.0961 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.063 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6085 0 Td
(pharyng)Tj
3.5788 0 Td
(eal)Tj
1.552 0 Td
(apparatu)Tj
3.9118 0 Td
(s)Tj
-41.3506 -1.5662 Td
(\()Tj
/F2 1 Tf
(k)Tj
/F0 1 Tf
(\))Tj
1.4457 0 Td
(Anterior)Tj
3.7063 0 Td
(esophagus)Tj
-5.152 -1.1835 Td
(horizon)Tj
3.2457 0 Td
(tal)Tj
1.2827 0 Td
(distance)Tj
10.6158 1.1835 Td
(Lateral)Tj
3.2599 0 Td
(distance)Tj
3.926 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.9827 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6087 0 Td
(walls)Tj
2.4307 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0629 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6087 0 Td
(anterior)Tj
3.5929 0 Td
(region)Tj
2.9835 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.063 0 Td
(the)Tj
-25.519 -1.1835 Td
(esophagus)Tj
4.8473 0 Td
(,)Tj
0.5103 0 Td
(located)Tj
3.4299 0 Td
(posterior)Tj
4.0961 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0559 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6158 0 Td
(pharyn)Tj
3.0259 0 Td
(geal)Tj
2.1047 0 Td
(apparat)Tj
3.3591 0 Td
(us)Tj
-39.1892 -1.5661 Td
(\()Tj
/F2 1 Tf
(l)Tj
/F0 1 Tf
(\))Tj
1.1764 0 Td
(Poster)Tj
2.8701 0 Td
(ior)Tj
1.3323 0 Td
(esophagus)Tj
5.0811 0 Td
(vertical)Tj
-10.4599 -1.1835 Td
(distance)Tj
15.1442 1.1835 Td
(Dorsoven)Tj
4.2449 0 Td
(tral)Tj
1.6158 0 Td
(distance)Tj
3.926 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.9756 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6087 0 Td
(inner)Tj
2.4306 0 Td
(walls)Tj
2.4379 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0559 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6157 0 Td
(esopha)Tj
3.2457 0 Td
(gus)Tj
1.8284 0 Td
(located)Tj
-27.9852 -1.1835 Td
(anterior)Tj
3.593 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.063 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6086 0 Td
(stomach)Tj
-21.4088 -1.5661 Td
(\()Tj
/F2 1 Tf
(m)Tj
/F0 1 Tf
(\))Tj
1.7788 0 Td
(Poster)Tj
2.8701 0 Td
(ior)Tj
1.3323 0 Td
(esophagus)Tj
-5.9812 -1.1835 Td
(horizon)Tj
3.2457 0 Td
(tal)Tj
1.2827 0 Td
(distance)Tj
10.6158 1.1835 Td
(Lateral)Tj
3.2599 0 Td
(distance)Tj
3.926 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.9827 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6087 0 Td
(inner)Tj
2.4307 0 Td
(walls)Tj
2.4307 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.063 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6086 0 Td
(esophagus)Tj
5.0812 0 Td
(located)Tj
-25.3915 -1.1835 Td
(anterior)Tj
3.593 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.063 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6086 0 Td
(stomach)Tj
-21.4088 -1.5662 Td
(\()Tj
/F2 1 Tf
(p)Tj
/F0 1 Tf
(\))Tj
1.5024 0 Td
(Vertical)Tj
3.5433 0 Td
(distance)Tj
3.926 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.063 0 Td
(pectoral)Tj
-10.0347 -1.1835 Td
(girdle)Tj
15.1442 1.1835 Td
(Distance)Tj
4.089 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.9827 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6087 0 Td
(ventral)Tj
3.2103 0 Td
(side)Tj
2.048 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0629 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6087 0 Td
(spinal)Tj
2.8134 0 Td
(cord)Tj
2.1614 0 Td
(at)Tj
1.063 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6087 0 Td
(pectoral)Tj
-25.2568 -1.1835 Td
(girdle,)Tj
2.9268 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.8851 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6087 0 Td
(lowest)Tj
3.0472 0 Td
(point)Tj
2.3741 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.3322 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6158 0 Td
(media)Tj
2.6928 0 Td
(l)Tj
0.4536 0 Td
(margin)Tj
3.2599 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.063 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6086 0 Td
(pectoral)Tj
3.7631 0 Td
(girdle)Tj
-27.6309 -1.1905 Td
(\(where)Tj
3.2599 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6158 0 Td
(cleithra)Tj
3.4228 0 Td
(join\))Tj
-23.4427 -1.5591 Td
(\()Tj
/F2 1 Tf
(q)Tj
/F0 1 Tf
(\))Tj
1.5024 0 Td
(Horizontal)Tj
4.6985 0 Td
(distance)Tj
3.926 0 Td
(of)Tj
-10.1269 -1.1905 Td
(pectoral)Tj
3.756 0 Td
(girdle)Tj
11.3882 1.1905 Td
(Maximum)Tj
4.5355 0 Td
(distance)Tj
3.9331 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.9756 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6087 0 Td
(medial)Tj
3.1464 0 Td
(faces)Tj
2.6079 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.063 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6086 0 Td
(cleithral)Tj
3.6497 0 Td
(bones)Tj
-41.2727 -2.7496 Td
(\()Tj
/F2 1 Tf
(n1)Tj
/F0 1 Tf
(\))Tj
2.0551 0 Td
(Anterior)Tj
3.7064 0 Td
(stomach)Tj
9.3827 0 Td
(Maximum)Tj
4.5355 0 Td
(distance)Tj
3.9331 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.9756 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6087 0 Td
(inner)Tj
2.4306 0 Td
(walls)Tj
2.4308 0 Td
(at)Tj
1.063 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6086 0 Td
(anterior)Tj
3.6001 0 Td
(end)Tj
1.8779 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.063 0 Td
(the)Tj
-28.1269 -1.1906 Td
(stomach)Tj
-15.1442 -1.5661 Td
(\()Tj
/F2 1 Tf
(n2)Tj
/F0 1 Tf
(\))Tj
2.0551 0 Td
(Mid)Tj
1.8284 0 Td
(stomach)Tj
11.2607 0 Td
(Maximum)Tj
4.5355 0 Td
(distance)Tj
3.9331 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.9756 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6087 0 Td
(soft)Tj
1.8424 0 Td
(tissue)Tj
2.8276 0 Td
(walls)Tj
2.4307 0 Td
(at)Tj
1.056 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6157 0 Td
(point)Tj
2.3811 0 Td
(where)Tj
2.9268 0 Td
(the)Tj
-29.1332 -1.1835 Td
(stomach)Tj
3.9898 0 Td
(connects)Tj
4.2024 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.063 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6087 0 Td
(intestine)Tj
-26.0081 -1.5661 Td
(\()Tj
/F2 1 Tf
(n3)Tj
/F0 1 Tf
(\))Tj
2.0551 0 Td
(Posterior)Tj
4.2095 0 Td
(stomach)Tj
8.8796 0 Td
(Maximum)Tj
4.5355 0 Td
(distance)Tj
3.9331 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.9756 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6087 0 Td
(inner)Tj
2.4306 0 Td
(walls)Tj
2.4308 0 Td
(at)Tj
1.063 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6086 0 Td
(posterior)Tj
4.0961 0 Td
(end)Tj
1.878 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.063 0 Td
(the)Tj
-28.623 -1.1835 Td
(stomach)Tj
-15.1442 -2.3457 Td
(The)Tj
1.9418 0 Td
(order)Tj
2.5441 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.063 0 Td
(measurem)Tj
4.6914 0 Td
(ents)Tj
2.1118 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.9425 0 Td
(shown)Tj
3.0969 0 Td
(according)Tj
4.5284 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.063 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6086 0 Td
(order)Tj
2.5512 0 Td
(they)Tj
2.1048 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.3811 0 Td
(taken.)Tj
2.9409 0 Td
(Each)Tj
2.4945 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.063 0 Td
(these)Tj
2.6575 0 Td
(measurem)Tj
4.6914 0 Td
(ents)Tj
-44.4759 -1.5024 Td
(was)Tj
1.9914 0 Td
(taken)Tj
2.6646 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3889 0 Td
(both)Tj
2.1615 0 Td
(first)Tj
1.8425 0 Td
(resistance,)Tj
5.0386 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.878 0 Td
(mechanic)Tj
4.2449 0 Td
(al)Tj
0.9992 0 Td
(maximum)Tj
4.3087 0 Td
(,)Tj
0.5103 0 Td
(distending)Tj
4.7479 0 Td
(tissues)Tj
3.3237 0 Td
(until)Tj
2.048 0 Td
(resistance)Tj
4.7623 0 Td
(preven)Tj
3.026 0 Td
(ted)Tj
-44.9365 -1.4953 Td
(further)Tj
3.104 0 Td
(movement)Tj
4.8756 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9914 0 Td
(light)Tj
2.048 0 Td
(pressure.)Tj
4.3725 0 Td
(For)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.3252 0 Td
(illustration)Tj
4.6985 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0559 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6158 0 Td
(measurem)Tj
4.6913 0 Td
(ents)Tj
2.1118 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.3323 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.7795 0 Td
(fish,)Tj
2.0551 0 Td
(please)Tj
3.1465 0 Td
(see)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.8284 0 Td
(Fig)Tj
1.6157 0 Td
(1)Tj
0 g
(.)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
/F10 1 Tf
-0.025 Tc
-44.3766 -2.2535 Td
(https://d)Tj
3.0827 0 Td
(oi.org/10.1371/j)Tj
5.9174 0 Td
(ournal.pon)Tj
3.9827 0 Td
(e.0184679.t00)Tj
5.3859 0 Td
(1)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 107.1496 23.6976 re
W* n
q
107.0929 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 437.8393 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(Maximum)Tj
4.4929 0 Td
(prey)Tj
2.1331 0 Td
(size)Tj
1.963 0 Td
(in)Tj
0.985 0 Td
(pisciv)Tj
2.4449 0 Td
(orous)Tj
2.6788 0 Td
(fishes)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 48.0002 m
576 48.0002 l
576 47.5002 l
36 47.5002 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
81.5811 34.9228 m
237.8835 34.9228 l
h
f*
0 g
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 36 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.8559 0 Td
(ONE)Tj
2.3669 0 Td
(|)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
0.4748 0 Td
(https://doi.or)Tj
5.4142 0 Td
(g/10.137)Tj
3.8198 0 Td
(1/journal.po)Tj
5.1236 0 Td
(ne.01846)Tj
4.089 0 Td
(79)Tj
0 g
2.0906 0 Td
(September)Tj
5.0386 0 Td
(8,)Tj
1.0418 0 Td
(2017)Tj
32.8254 0 Td
(5)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(/)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
166 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
167 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
168 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
169 0 obj
<>stream
BT
66.402 0 Td
(19)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
170 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 8 0 R/Annots 172 0 R/Contents 173 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
171 0 obj
<>stream
x?,_zǑ2 k(eÉ
S D" i"D(0@R
3*0̅?]]]sWƮ]{zgzu>((((OR[a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ \J SK7X @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ |pgs?>4>Y%P%P%P%P%P%P%P%P%P%QC1>gZlQZN @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ gA`4wW֣l4gA"KJJJJJJJJJ>Ѭcfe[7.JJJJJJJJJJ /ſW?f˿˶) ^%P%P%P%P%P%P%P%P%P%PL8>wshl0BJJJJJJJJJJ?;5ϱ#[y