Duke, Norman C. (2006) Indo-West Pacific stilt mangroves: Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, R. stylosa, R. X annamalai, R. X lamarckii. In: Elevitch, Craig R., (ed.) Traditional Trees of Pacific Islands: their culture, environment, and use. Permanent Agriculture Resources (PAR), Holualoa, Hawaii, pp. 641-660.

PDF (Published Version) - Published Version Restricted to Repository staff only

Abstract

Distribution: Native to tropical and subtropical coastal areas from the African east coast, throughout Asia to Australia and to most islands of the eastern Pacific Ocean. Closely allied with Atlantic East Pacific red mangroves whose ranges naturally overlap only in a small number of southern Pacific islands.

Size: Can reach 30–40 m (100–130 ft) in height, although commonly reaches 5–8 m (16–26 ft).

Habitat: Inhabits the intertidal wetland zone, 0–6 m (0–20 ft) elevation between mean sea level and highest tides, with variable rainfall.

Vegetation Mangrove: communities.

Soils Adapted to a wide range but thrives best in fine mud sediments of downstream river estuaries.

Growth rate: Grows <1 m/yr (3.3 ft/yr) in height. Main agroforestry uses Soil stabilization, coastal protection, wildlife/marine habitat for marine fauna.

Main products: Timber, fuelwood, charcoal, dyes, and traditional medicine. Yields In Malaysia, the 30-year rotation harvested yield of green wood has been about 136–299 mt/ha (61–133 t/ac).

Intercropping: Recommended for planting together with other mangrove species. Invasive potential Some potential to invade new environments; not recommended for planting outside of the natural range. These plants are ready colonizers of new mud banks, making them opportunistically invasive.

Item ID:	48531
Item Type:	Book Chapter (Reference)
ISBN:	978-0-9702544-5-0
Keywords:	mangrove; plant; Rhizophora stylosa; description; distribution; ecology; restoration; planting; Pacific; IWP
Related URLs:	Publisher Organisation
Additional Information:	Duke, Norman C. (2006) Indo-West Pacific stilt mangroves: Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, R. stylosa, R. X annamalai, R. X lamarckii. In: Elevitch, Craig R., (ed.) Traditional Trees of Pacific Islands: Their Culture, Environment, and Use. Permanent Agriculture Resources (PAR), Holualoa, Hawaii, pp. 641-660.
Date Deposited:	30 Aug 2017 00:21
FoR Codes:	05 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES > 0502 Environmental Science and Management > 050202 Conservation and Biodiversity @ 30% 06 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES > 0602 Ecology > 060205 Marine and Estuarine Ecology (incl Marine Ichthyology) @ 30% 06 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES > 0603 Evolutionary Biology > 060302 Biogeography and Phylogeography @ 40%
SEO Codes:	96 ENVIRONMENT > 9605 Ecosystem Assessment and Management > 960503 Ecosystem Assessment and Management of Coastal and Estuarine Environments @ 30% 96 ENVIRONMENT > 9608 Flora, Fauna and Biodiversity > 960802 Coastal and Estuarine Flora, Fauna and Biodiversity @ 40% 97 EXPANDING KNOWLEDGE > 970105 Expanding Knowledge in the Environmental Sciences @ 30%
Downloads:	Total: 5
	More Statistics