Prevalence of foot disease and risk factors in general inpatient populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Lazzarini, Peter A., Hurn, Sheree E., Fernando, Malindu E., Jen, Scott D., Kuys, Suzanne S., Kamp, Maarten C., and Reed, Lloyd F. (2015) Prevalence of foot disease and risk factors in general inpatient populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open, 5 (11). e008544.
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Abstract
Objective: To systematically review studies reporting the prevalence in general adult inpatient populations of foot disease disorders (foot wounds, foot infections, collective 'foot disease') and risk factors (peripheral arterial disease (PAD), peripheral neuropathy (PN), foot deformity).
Methods: A systematic review of studies published between 1980 and 2013 was undertaken using electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL). Keywords and synonyms relating to prevalence, inpatients, foot disease disorders and risk factors were used. Studies reporting foot disease or risk factor prevalence data in general inpatient populations were included. Included study's reference lists and citations were searched and experts consulted to identify additional relevant studies. 2 authors, blinded to each other, assessed the methodological quality of included studies. Applicable data were extracted by 1 author and checked by a second author. Prevalence proportions and SEs were calculated for all included studies. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated using random-effects models where 3 eligible studies were available.
Results: Of the 4972 studies initially identified, 78 studies reporting 84 different cohorts (total 60 231 517 participants) were included. Foot disease prevalence included: foot wounds 0.01-13.5% (70 cohorts), foot infections 0.05-6.4% (7 cohorts), collective foot disease 0.2-11.9% (12 cohorts). Risk factor prevalence included: PAD 0.01-36.0% (10 cohorts), PN 0.003-2.8% (6 cohorts), foot deformity was not reported. Pooled prevalence estimates were only able to be calculated for pressure ulcer-related foot wounds 4.6% (95% CI 3.7% to 5.4%)), diabetes-related foot wounds 2.4% (1.5% to 3.4%), diabetes-related foot infections 3.4% (0.2% to 6.5%), diabetes-related foot disease 4.7% (0.3% to 9.2%). Heterogeneity was high in all pooled estimates (I-2 = 94.2-97.8%, p < 0.001).
Conclusions: This review found high heterogeneity, yet suggests foot disease was present in 1 in every 20 inpatients and a major risk factor in 1 in 3 inpatients. These findings are likely an underestimate and more robust studies are required to provide more precise estimates.
| Item ID: | 43331 |
|---|---|
| Item Type: | Article (Research - C1) |
| ISSN: | 2044-6055 |
| Additional Information: | This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. |
| Funders: | Queensland Health, Wound Management Innovation Cooperative Research Centre, Queensland University of Technology |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Feb 2016 07:35 |
| FoR Codes: | 11 MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES > 1103 Clinical Sciences > 110318 Podiatry @ 100% |
| SEO Codes: | 97 EXPANDING KNOWLEDGE > 970111 Expanding Knowledge in the Medical and Health Sciences @ 100% |
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