'Evergreen' and REDD+ in the forests of Oceania
Gabriel, Jennifer (2015) 'Evergreen' and REDD+ in the forests of Oceania. In: Bell, Joshua A., West, Paige, and Filer, Colin, (eds.) Tropical forests of Oceania: anthropological perspectives. Asia-Pacific Environment, Monograph 10 . ANU Press, Acton, ACT, Australia, pp. 237-263.
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Abstract
[Extract] Throughout most of industrialised history, forests have been worth more felled than standing. Countries in the developed world, including Australia, New Zealand, United States, Canada and Europe have clear-felled around half of the world's primary forests to plant agricultural crops, create urban centres, extract wood for construction or burn timber as fuel. In response to the international demand for timber and timber products, most deforestation in the twentieth century has occurred in developing countries, which collectively harbour around half of the world's remaining natural forest. In the twenty-first century, predictions of global warming have led to a new way of seeing forests as repositories of carbon. In the climate change 'crisis', the maintenance of existing forests as well as increasing forest coverage is touted to make an important contribution to the mitigation of global warming, but this potential is yet to be realised (Nabuurs et al. 2007; Capoor and Ambrosi 2008). From a governance perspective, the international climate regime is playing a dominant role in influencing environmental and developmental policy internationally (Maguire 2010: 5) and is opening up spaces for critical change in 'sustainable forest management' (SFM).