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Abstract

During the twentieth century, the primary approach to malaria prevention has been to interfere with transmission of the parasite between the infected mosquito and the human host using physical barriers, insecticides and prophylactic drugs. Despite these measures, it is estimated that there are 300-500 new Plasmodium infections and 1-2 million deaths annually due to malaria. Thus, there have been major efforts to develop malaria vaccines. This is thought to be a feasible approach because immunization with radiation-attenuated Plasmodium spp. sporozoites induces sterile protective immunity against malaria in rodents, primates and humans(reviewed in Ref. 2). The complex life cycle of the Plasmodium spp. parasites and the extensive variability among strains of the same Plasmodium species dictate, however, that an effective malaria vaccine will probably need to induce protective antibodies as well as effector CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes specific for variants of multiple antigens expressed at different stages of the life cycle. It is our view that nucleic acid vaccines offer an excellent approach to developing a multivalent vaccine that effectively activates all arms of the immune system. Furthermore, such vaccines may overcome the additional problem inherent in subunit vaccine development: major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction of the protective immune responses to identified target epitopes. Supporting data and rationale for our view are presented here. The major emphasis of the work thus far has been to use plasmid DNA to induce protective CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), but the induction of protective antibody and CD4+ T cell responses is being investigated.

Item ID:	42782
Item Type:	Article (Research - C1)
ISSN:	1749-6632
Funders:	Naval Medical Research and Development Command (NMRDC)
Projects and Grants:	NMRDC Work Unit No. 62787A00101EFX, NMRDC Work Unit No. 61102A.00101-BFX, NMRDC Work Unit No. 62787A00101EVX
Date Deposited:	15 Sep 2016 01:50
FoR Codes:	11 MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES > 1107 Immunology > 110799 Immunology not elsewhere classified @ 100%
SEO Codes:	92 HEALTH > 9201 Clinical Health (Organs, Diseases and Abnormal Conditions) > 920109 Infectious Diseases @ 100%
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