Gramzinski, Robert A., Doolan, Denise L., Sedegah, Martha, Davis, Heather L., Krieg, Arthur M., and Hoffman, Stephen L. (2001) Interleukin-12- and gamma interferon-dependent protection against malaria conferred by CpG oligodeoxynucleotide in mice. Infection and Immunity, 69 (3). pp. 1643-1649.

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Abstract

Unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in bacterial DNA or synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) cause B-cell proliferation and immunoglobulin secretion, monocyte cytokine secretion, and activation of natural killer (NK) cell lytic activity and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) secretion in vivo and in vitro. The potent Th1-like immune activation by CpG ODNs suggests a possible utility for enhancing innate immunity against infectious pathogens. We therefore investigated whether the innate immune response could protect against malaria. Treatment of mice with CpG ODN 1826 (TCCATGACGTTCCTGACGTT, with the CpG dinucleotides underlined) or 1585 (ggGGTCAACGTTGAgggggG, with g representing diester linkages and phosphorothioate linkages being to the right of lowercase letters) in the absence of antigen 1 to 2 days prior to challenge with Plasmodium yoelii sporozoites conferred sterile protection against infection. A higher level of protection was consistently induced by CpG ODN 1826 compared with CpG ODN 1585. The protective effects of both CpG ODNs were dependent on interleukin-12, as well as IFN-γ. Moreover, CD8⁺ T cells (but not CD4⁺ T cells), NK cells, and nitric oxide were implicated in the CpG ODN 1585-induced protection. These data establish that the protective mechanism induced by administration of CpG ODN 1585 in the absence of parasite antigen is similar in nature to the mechanism induced by immunization with radiation-attenuated P. yoeliisporozoites or with plasmid DNA encoding preerythrocytic-stage P. yoelii antigens. We were unable to confirm whether CD8⁺ T cells, NK cells, or nitric oxide were required for the CpG ODN 1826-induced protection, but this may reflect differences in the potency of the ODNs rather than a real difference in the mechanism of action of the two ODNs. This is the first report that stimulation of the innate immune system by CpG immunostimulatory motifs can confer sterile protection against malaria.

Item ID:	42767
Item Type:	Article (Research - C1)
ISSN:	1098-5522
Related URLs:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.70.9.5338....
Additional Information:	Includes 'Erratum' from: Infection and Immunity Sept. 2002, Vol.70(9), p. 5338. Corrects mistakes made in the original publication on p. 1644; inserted at end of PDF document.
Funders:	Naval Medical Research and Development Command (NMRDC), Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), Department of Veterans Affairs (DVA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ontario Ministry of Health Career Scientist Award (OMHCSA)
Projects and Grants:	NMRDC STO F 6.1 61102AA0100BFX, NMRDC STO F 6.2 62787A00101EFX
Date Deposited:	22 Mar 2016 01:58
FoR Codes:	11 MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES > 1107 Immunology > 110799 Immunology not elsewhere classified @ 100%
SEO Codes:	92 HEALTH > 9201 Clinical Health (Organs, Diseases and Abnormal Conditions) > 920109 Infectious Diseases @ 100%
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