Jiang, George, Shi, Meng, Conteh, Solomon, Richie, Nancy, Banania, Glenna, Geneshan, Harini, Valencia, Anais, Singh, Priti, Aguiar, Joao, Limbach, Keith, Kamrud, Kurt I., Rayner, Jonathan, Smith, Jonathan, Bruder, Joseph T., King, C. Richter, Tsuboi, Takafumi, Takeo, Satoru, Endo, Yaeta, Doolan, Denise L., Richie, Thomas L., and Weiss, Walter R. (2009) Sterile protection against Plasmodium knowlesi in rhesus monkeys from a malaria vaccine: comparison of heterologous prime boost strategies. PLoS ONE, 4 (8). e6559. pp. 1-12.

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Abstract

Using newer vaccine platforms which have been effective against malaria in rodent models, we tested five immunization regimens against Plasmodium knowlesi in rhesus monkeys. All vaccines included the same four P. knowlesi antigens: the pre-erythrocytic antigens CSP, SSP2, and erythrocytic antigens AMA1, MSP1. We used four vaccine platforms for prime or boost vaccinations: plasmids (DNA), alphavirus replicons (VRP), attenuated adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad), or attenuated poxvirus (Pox). These four platforms combined to produce five different prime/boost vaccine regimens: Pox alone, VRP/Pox, VRP/Ad, Ad/Pox, and DNA/Pox. Five rhesus monkeys were immunized with each regimen, and five Control monkeys received a mock vaccination. The time to complete vaccinations was 420 days. All monkeys were challenged twice with 100 P. knowlesi sporozoites given IV. The first challenge was given 12 days after the last vaccination, and the monkeys receiving the DNA/Pox vaccine were the best protected, with 3/5 monkeys sterilely protected and 1/5 monkeys that self-cured its parasitemia. There was no protection in monkeys that received Pox malaria vaccine alone without previous priming. The second sporozoite challenge was given 4 months after the first. All 4 monkeys that were protected in the first challenge developed malaria in the second challenge. DNA, VRP and Ad5 vaccines all primed monkeys for strong immune responses after the Pox boost. We discuss the high level but short duration of protection in this experiment and the possible benefits of the long interval between prime and boost.

Item ID:	42735
Item Type:	Article (Research - C1)
ISSN:	1932-6203
Additional Information:	This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain declaration which stipulates that, once placed in the public domain, this work may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose.
Funders:	United States Army Medical Research and Material Command (USAMRMC), Naval Medical Research Centre (NMRC)
Projects and Grants:	USAMRMC 6000.RAD1.F.A0309
Date Deposited:	23 Mar 2016 23:51
FoR Codes:	11 MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES > 1107 Immunology > 110799 Immunology not elsewhere classified @ 100%
SEO Codes:	92 HEALTH > 9201 Clinical Health (Organs, Diseases and Abnormal Conditions) > 920109 Infectious Diseases @ 100%
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