Heimann, Kirsten, Cires, Samuel, and Karthikeyan, Obulisamy P. (2016) Cultivation of microalgae: implications for the carbon footprint of aquaculture and agriculture. In: Muthu, Subramanian Senthilkannan, (ed.) The Carbon Footprint Handbook. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA, pp. 389-430.

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Abstract

[Extract] Dwindling oil and phosphorous reserves, climate change-induced unstable weather patterns, rising seawater levels, and sea surface temperatures are global challenges interlinked with and exacerbated by a rapidly growing human population with increased energy, fuel, and food demands. The world population is predicted to increase from 7 to 9 billion people by 2050—an increase of 47% from the year 2000 (UN 2004), requiring secure energy, fuel, and food resources, which are pre-requisites for stable economic growth and social stability (world peace). Clean freshwater resources and arable land are already scarce in some developing nations and the impact of climate-induced changes in global rainfall patterns, temperatures, weather stability, and rising sea levels, which are thought to be tightly linked with rising greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, are predicted to add enormous pressures on these scarce and life-enabling resources, particularly in countries with densely populated coastal areas and little inland arable land availability, more intense population growth, and island/delta communities (e.g., North Africa, the Middle East, South and Central Asia and several areas in North and South America) (AWC 2009). Africa is likely to be especially hard hit by climate change-induced freshwater availability, as its population is predicted to increase to 20% of the world population, up by 7% from previous estimates (UN 2004). In addition to negative impacts on socio-economic development, particularly in already arid or semi-arid regions, climate change is also expected to adversely affect agricultural productivity and therefore food security and health, the latter through increase in disease and decreasing freshwater quality (IPCC 2007; IDA 2007).

Item ID:	40641
Item Type:	Book Chapter (Research - B1)
ISBN:	978-14822-6223-0
Keywords:	aquaculture, agriculture, microalgae, carbon footprint, industrial production
Funders:	Advanced Manufacturing CRC (AMCRC)
Projects and Grants:	AMCRC grant number 2.3.4
Date Deposited:	03 Apr 2017 23:10
FoR Codes:	31 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES > 3106 Industrial biotechnology > 310602 Bioprocessing, bioproduction and bioproducts @ 50% 40 ENGINEERING > 4004 Chemical engineering > 400401 Carbon capture engineering (excl. sequestration) @ 50%
SEO Codes:	83 ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND ANIMAL PRIMARY PRODUCTS > 8301 Fisheries - Aquaculture > 830199 Fisheries - Aquaculture not elsewhere classified @ 30% 85 ENERGY > 8505 Renewable Energy > 850501 Biofuel (Biomass) Energy @ 30% 86 MANUFACTURING > 8698 Environmentally Sustainable Manufacturing > 869802 Management of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Manufacturing Activities @ 40%
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