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Abstract

Background: Despite increased cardiovascular disease risk factors, migrants to Australia from Mediterranean countries have lower mortality than do native-born Australians. Dietary patterns may contribute to this.

Objective: The objective was to investigate the relation between dietary patterns and mortality from cardiovascular (CVD) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) in an ethnically diverse population.

Design: This was a prospective cohort study (mean follow-up: 10.4 y) of 40 653 volunteers (23 980 women) aged 40–69 y in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (1990 –1994); 24% of the subjects were Mediterranean born.

Results: Four dietary factors were identified from a food-frequency questionnaire with the use of principal components analysis. They explained 69% of intake variance and reflected frequent intakes of Mediterranean foods, vegetables, meat, and fresh fruit. The Mediterranean factor was inversely associated with CVD and IHD mortality in models adjusting for diabetes, waist-to-hip ratio, body mass index, and hypertension. For IHD, the hazard ratio (HR) for the highest compared with the lowest quartile of consumption was 0.59 (95% CI: 0.39, 0.89; P for trend = 0.03). Associations persisted in analyses excluding people with prior CVD(HR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.88; P for trend = 0.03). Vegetable and fresh fruit factors were inversely associated with CVD mortality but only among those without prior CVD. HRs (highest compared with lowest quartile) were 0.66 (95% CI: 0.48, 0.92; P for trend = 0.02) for vegetables and 0.69 (95% CI: 0.52, 0.93; P for trend = 0.04) for fresh fruit. The meat factor was not associated with CVD or IHD mortality.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that frequent consumption of traditional Mediterranean foods is associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality after controlling for important risk factors and country of birth.

Item ID:	40466
Item Type:	Article (Research - C1)
ISSN:	1938-3207
Keywords:	diet, factor analysis, statistical analysis, food habits, cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, mortality, prospective studies, Mediterranean diet
Date Deposited:	16 Sep 2015 03:02
FoR Codes:	11 MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES > 1117 Public Health and Health Services > 111706 Epidemiology @ 40% 11 MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES > 1102 Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology > 110201 Cardiology (incl Cardiovascular Diseases) @ 30% 11 MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES > 1111 Nutrition and Dietetics > 111199 Nutrition and Dietetics not elsewhere classified @ 30%
SEO Codes:	92 HEALTH > 9201 Clinical Health (Organs, Diseases and Abnormal Conditions) > 920103 Cardiovascular System and Diseases @ 50% 92 HEALTH > 9204 Public Health (excl. Specific Population Health) > 920411 Nutrition @ 50%
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