Strengthening health systems at facility-Level: feasibility of integrating antiretroviral therapy into primary health care services in Lusaka, Zambia
Topp, Stephanie M., Chipukuma, Julien M., Giganti, Mark, Mwango, Linah K., Chiko, Like M., Tambatamba-Chapula, Bushimbwa, Wamulume, Chibesa S., and Reid, Stewart (2010) Strengthening health systems at facility-Level: feasibility of integrating antiretroviral therapy into primary health care services in Lusaka, Zambia. PLoS ONE, 5 (7). e11522. pp. 1-11.
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Abstract
Introduction: HIV care and treatment services are primarily delivered in vertical antiretroviral (ART) clinics in sub-Saharan Africa but there have been concerns over the impact on existing primary health care services. This paper presents results from a feasibility study of a fully integrated model of HIV and non-HIV outpatient services in two urban Lusaka clinics.
Methods: Integration involved three key modifications: i) amalgamation of space and patient flow; ii) standardization of medical records and iii) introduction of routine provider initiated testing and counseling (PITC). Assessment of feasibility included monitoring rates of HIV case-finding and referral to care, measuring median waiting and consultation times and assessing adherence to clinical care protocols for HIV and non-HIV outpatients. Qualitative data on patient/provider perceptions was also collected.
Findings: Provider and patient interviews at both sites indicated broad acceptability of the model and highlighted a perceived reduction in stigma associated with integrated HIV services. Over six months in Clinic 1, PITC was provided to 2760 patients; 1485 (53%) accepted testing, 192 (13%) were HIV positive and 80 (42%) enrolled. Median OPD patientprovider contact time increased 55% (6.9 vs. 10.7 minutes; p,0.001) and decreased 1% for ART patients (27.9 vs. 27.7 minutes; p = 0.94). Median waiting times increased by 36 (p,0.001) and 23 minutes (p,0.001) for ART and OPD patients respectively. In Clinic 2, PITC was offered to 1510 patients, with 882 (58%) accepting testing, 208 (24%) HIV positive and 121(58%) enrolled. Median OPD patient-provider contact time increased 110% (6.1 vs. 12.8 minutes; p,0.001) and decreased for ART patients by 23% (23 vs. 17.7 minutes; p,0.001). Median waiting times increased by 47 (p,0.001) and 34 minutes(p,0.001) for ART and OPD patients, respectively.
Conclusions: Integrating vertical ART and OPD services is feasible in the low-resource and high HIV-prevalence setting of Lusaka, Zambia. Integration enabled shared use of space and staffing that resulted in increased HIV case finding, a reduction in stigma associated with vertical ART services but resulted in an overall increase in patient waiting times. Further research is urgently required to assess long-term clinical outcomes and cost effectiveness in order to evaluate scalability and generalizability.
Item ID: | 39578 |
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Item Type: | Article (Research - C1) |
ISSN: | 1932-6203 |
Additional Information: | © 2010 Topp et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
Funders: | Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP) |
Projects and Grants: | CDCP U62/CCU12354 |
Date Deposited: | 28 Jul 2015 01:51 |
FoR Codes: | 11 MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES > 1117 Public Health and Health Services > 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified @ 100% |
SEO Codes: | 92 HEALTH > 9204 Public Health (excl. Specific Population Health) > 920499 Public Health (excl. Specific Population Health) not elsewhere classified @ 30% 92 HEALTH > 9202 Health and Support Services > 920299 Health and Support Services not elsewhere classified @ 70% |
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