Hayes, Anna (2013) Individuals and groups outside of the state system. In: Lautensach, Alexander K., and Lautensach, Sabina W., (eds.) Human Security in World Affairs: problems and opportunities. Caesarpress, Vienna, Austria, pp. 113-138.

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Abstract

In this chapter the security status of individuals and groups outside of the state system is examined. The chapter begins with an examination of statelessness and its drivers, and then examines the extent and causes of the global refugee crisis illustrated by case examples from the global North and the global South. Within this discussion, the chapter also explores the relatively new phenomenon of environmental refugees and how climate change could cause an increase in forced migration as vulnerable populations are forced to leave their home locales due to climatic changes. In doing so it discusses the precarious situation of environmental refugees, who are still not recognised under the UNHCR definition of a refugee. The chapter then considers individuals and groups outside of the state system that are vastly different than those mentioned above, namely alienated citizens and terrorists. Avenues leading to the alienation of the citizen from the state are described, including roads towards terrorism and the possible effects of anti-terrorism legislation and strategies on the status of individuals.

Item ID:	38658
Item Type:	Book Chapter (Research - B1)
ISBN:	978-3-902890-00-9
Keywords:	refugees; asylum seekers; human security; terrorism; alienated citizens; Timothy McVeigh; Anders Breivik; Wafa Idris
Date Deposited:	09 Jan 2014 05:24
FoR Codes:	16 STUDIES IN HUMAN SOCIETY > 1606 Political Science > 160601 Australian Government and Politics @ 30% 16 STUDIES IN HUMAN SOCIETY > 1602 Criminology > 160201 Causes and Prevention of Crime @ 20% 16 STUDIES IN HUMAN SOCIETY > 1603 Demography > 160303 Migration @ 50%
SEO Codes:	94 LAW, POLITICS AND COMMUNITY SERVICES > 9402 Government and Politics > 940201 Civics and Citizenship @ 40% 94 LAW, POLITICS AND COMMUNITY SERVICES > 9403 International Relations > 940301 Defence and Security Policy @ 20% 94 LAW, POLITICS AND COMMUNITY SERVICES > 9401 Community Service (excl. Work) > 940111 Ethnicity, Multiculturalism and Migrant Development and Welfare @ 40%
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