Mascaro, Joseph, Harris, James A., Lach, Lori, Thompson, Allen, Perring, Michael P., Richardson, David M., and Ellis, Erle C. (2013) Origins of the novel ecosystems concept. In: Hobbs, Richard J., Higgs, Eric S., and Hall, Carol M., (eds.) Novel Ecosystems: intervening in the new ecological world order. Wiley-Blackwell, West Sussex, UK, pp. 45-57.

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Abstract

This chapter begins by reviewing the foundational principles that point to the existence and importance of novel ecosystems. It provides a brief review of previous formulations of the novel ecosystem concept. The chapter then steps into synthesis and presents a new framework for the novel ecosystems concept. Using the original Hobbs components of novelty and human agency as a starting point, it develops this synthesis by first considering (1) where and how human agency leads to novelty; (2) what level of novelty constitutes a novel ecosystem; and (3) how human agency acts after a novel ecosystem has emerged. Conceptual examples of the emergence of novel ecosystems in Puerto Rico and California are illustrated.

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