Vangaveti, V., and Kennedy, L. (2009) Regulation of stearoyl-coa desaturase by hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids. In: Abstracts from the Australian Society for Medical Research Queensland Postgraduate Student Conference. From: Australian Society for Medical Research Queensland Postgraduate Student Conference, 26 May 2009, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.

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Abstract

Introduction: Beneficial effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) include improved lipid profile and insulin sensitivity, leading to decreased cardiovascular risk. PUFAs regulate cell growth, differentiation and alter gene expression including stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), a rate-limiting enzyme in formation of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Increased SCD levels have been correlated with decreased fatty acid oxidation, increased triglyceride synthesis and thus obesity and insulin resistance. The mechanisms by which PUFAs regulate SCD are not understood. The PUFAs 9 and 13 hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids (HODEs), components of oxLDL, are oxidized derivatives of linoleic acid. Oxidized lipids are known to modulate lipid metabolism in adipocytes and macrophages. Macrophages are involved in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, obesity and type 2 diabetes. We investigated effects of HODEs, linoleic acid (LA, n-6) and linolenic acid (ALA, n-3) on monocytes and macrophages – in particular, their effect on modulation of SCD.

Methods: THP-1cells, a human monocyte-macrophage cell line was used. Cells were cultured in RPMI medium with 10% FBS, L-glutamine and antibiotics. To obtain macrophages, cells were treated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) for 36 hrs and rested for 24hrs in low serum medium before PUFA treatment. For experiments 1 million cells were treated with 30uM of LA, ALA, 9- and13- HODEs. For differentiation experiments, THP-1 cells with or without 1nM PMA ± PUFA were incubated for 24 hrs. Cells were harvested after 24 - 48 hrs and RNA extracted. Expression of SCD was determined by real-time RT PCR.

Results: In monocytes, expression of SCD was not altered significantly by ALA, LA, or 9-HODE but 13-HODE specifically decreased SCD to 40 – 50% of control values. By contrast, in macrophages 13-HODE was without effect (as were ALA and LA), but SCD expression was increased specifically by 9-HODE. The latter also specifically up-regulated expression of its putative receptor G protein coupled receptor 132 (GPR 132) in macrophages. Exposure of monocytes to PMA led to macrophage differentiation in a dose-dependent manner – confirmed by morphology, lipid accumulation and macrophage markers CD 11b and scavenger receptors as well as increased SCD (greater than 2-fold). Cells were fully differentiated with 100 nM PMA and this was not affected by any of the four PUFAs. With 1 nM PMA cells were partially differentiated and SCD expression was inhibited by ALA, LA or 13-HODE but not by 9-HODE.

Significance: Increased SCD expression during differentiation of monocytes into macrophages may contribute to insulin resistance and increased cardiovascular risk. HODEs appear to modulate expression of this key enzyme. HODEs are produced by non-enzymatic oxidation of LA in the vessel wall, or in macrophages by the action of the enzyme 15-lipoxygenase. The structural differences between the two HODEs and with the parent LA are relatively subtle, but their effects distinct. Evidence is emerging that 13-HODE (an n-7 fatty acid) has protective and antiinflammatory actions while 9-HODE (an n-6 fatty acid) is pro-atherogenic and pro-inflammatory. In this study, 13-HODE decreased SCD in monocytes and during macrophage differentiation. This latter effect was not found with 9-HODE which increased macrophage expression of SCD and GPR 132. The mechanism of these distinctive effects of HODEs on mediators of insulin resistance and atherogenesis require further study.

Item ID:	31412
Item Type:	Conference Item (Abstract / Summary)
Keywords:	HODEs, SCD omega oils
Related URLs:	Organisation
Date Deposited:	18 Sep 2014 05:07
FoR Codes:	11 MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES > 1102 Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology > 110201 Cardiology (incl Cardiovascular Diseases) @ 50% 06 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES > 0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology > 060111 Signal Transduction @ 20% 06 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES > 0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology > 060104 Cell Metabolism @ 30%
SEO Codes:	92 HEALTH > 9201 Clinical Health (Organs, Diseases and Abnormal Conditions) > 920103 Cardiovascular System and Diseases @ 100%
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