Malabu, Usman H., Porter, David, Vangaveti, Venkat N., Kazi, Monsur, and Kennedy, R. Lee (2014) Prevalence of hyponatremia in acute medical admissions in tropical Asia Pacific Australia. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 7 (1). pp. 40-43.

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Abstract

Background: Hyponatremia is known to be common electrolyte disturbance in the hospitalized patients. Yet there is no record on its magnitude in tropical Asia Pacific Australia in spite of higher risk due to associated endemic tropical infectious diseases.

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine prevalence of hyponatremia in acute medical admissions in Northern Australasia.

Design, setting and participants: We studied 469 consecutive acute medical admissions to a hospital in Australia's Far North Queensland during the colder months of June and July 2012.

Main outcome measures: Prevalence of hyponatremia and its relationship with gender, age, diagnosis and prognosis in acute medical admissions.

Results: On admission, hyponatremia (plasma sodium < 136 mmol/l) was present in 39.4% of patients, with mild (130 - 135), moderate (126 - 129 mmol/l) and severe (< 126 mmol/l) hyponatremia being present in 25.2 %, 10.7% and 3.6% respectively. Overall, adding together admission hyponatremia with that developing during admission, 45.2% of patients were affected with 11.5% and 4.1% having moderate or severe hyponatremia. Hypokalemia and hyperkalemia were present in 17% and 18.1% respectively. Overall, 275/469 patients (58.6%) presented with an electrolyte abnormality. There were significant correlations of hyponatremia with age but with gender and in-hospital mortality. Prevalence of hyponatremia was high across all diagnostic categories. Conclusions: The prevalence of hyponatremia appears to be high in the tropical North Australian population, this being the highest prevalence reported amongst acute hospital admissions. The previously reported correlations with age and mortality do appear to hold good for this population with a high prevalence of electrolyte disorders. Our data being a pilot study further prospective analysis on a larger population in the area is needed to confirm our findings.

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