de Roever, Emond W.F., Harley, Simon L., and Huizenga, Jan M. (2023) Primary cordierite with > 2.5 wt% CO2 from the UHT Bakhuis Granulite Belt, Surinam: CO2 fluid phase saturation during ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 178. 26.

Preview

PDF (Published Version) - Published Version Available under License Creative Commons Attribution. Download (3MB) | Preview

Abstract

The Paleoproterozoic Bakhuis Granulite Belt (BGB) in Surinam, South America, shows ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism (UHTM) at temperatures of around 1000 °C which, unusually, produced peak-to-near-peak cordierite with sillimanite and, in some cases, Al-rich orthopyroxene on a regional scale. Mg-rich cordierite (Mg/(Mg + Fe) = 0.88) in a sillimanite-bearing metapelitic granulite has a maximum birefringence of second-order blue (ca. 0.020) indicative of a considerable amount of CO2 (> 2 wt%) within its structural channels. SIMS microanalysis confirms the presence of 2.57 ± 0.19 wt% CO2, the highest CO2 concentration found in natural cordierite. This high CO2 content has enabled the stability of cordierite to extend into UHT conditions at high pressures and very low to negligible H2O activity. Based on a modified calibration of the H2O–CO2 incorporation model of Harley et al. (J Metamorph Geol 20:71–86, 2002), this cordierite occupies a stability field that extends from 8.8 ± 0.6 kbar at 750 °C to 11.3 ± 0.65 kbar at 1050 °C. Volatile-saturated cordierite with 2.57 wt% CO2 and negligible H2O (0.04 wt%) indicates fluid-present carbonic conditions with a CO2 activity near 1.0 at peak or near-peak pressures of 10.5–11.3 kbar under UHT temperatures of 950–1050 °C. The measured H2O content of the cordierite in the metapelite is far too low to be consistent with partial melting at 1000–1050 °C, implying either that nearly all of any H2O originally in this cordierite under UHT conditions was lost during post-peak cooling or that the cordierite was formed after migmatization. The high level of CO2 required to ensure fluid saturation of the c. 11 kbar UHT cordierite is proposed to have been derived from an external, possibly mantle, source.

Item ID:	78074
Item Type:	Article (Research - C1)
ISSN:	1432-0967
Keywords:	Ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism; Bakhuis Granulite Belt; Cordierite; CO2; SIMS
Copyright Information:	This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Date Deposited:	12 Apr 2023 23:30
FoR Codes:	37 EARTH SCIENCES > 3705 Geology > 370503 Igneous and metamorphic petrology @ 100%
SEO Codes:	28 EXPANDING KNOWLEDGE > 2801 Expanding knowledge > 280107 Expanding knowledge in the earth sciences @ 100%
Downloads:	Total: 29 Last 12 Months: 10
	More Statistics