Energy pollution: the relative influence of wind-wave and vessel-wake energy in Tallinn Bay, the Baltic Sea

Kelpsaite, L., Parnell, K.E., and Soomere, T. (2009) Energy pollution: the relative influence of wind-wave and vessel-wake energy in Tallinn Bay, the Baltic Sea. Journal of Coastal Research, 56 (1). pp. 812-816.

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Abstract

The role of frequent vessel wakes on the wave energy budget of 5cmi-sheltered beaches has been re-evaluated for the almost tideless Tallinn Bay, the Baltic Sea. High-resolution water surface time series containing signals of >650 ship wakes collected over 30 days at a depth of ~2.7 m shows that (i) the daily maximum heights of vessel wakes have increased considerably since the beginning of the decade while (ii) the leading wave periods (W-13 s) and integral properties of vessel wakes such as the total wave energy and its flux have remained largely unchanged. The typical daily largest ship waves (1.2-1.4 m) are equivalent to the annual highest 0.8-1.8% of wind waves and the highest ship waves (l.7 m) to the highest 0.25% of wind waves. Unlike the Baltic Proper, the overall wind wave intensity has varied insignificantly over the last three decades in Tallinn Bay where vessel wakes contribute about 10% in terms of wave energy and 25% in terms of energy flux. Substantial seasonal variation of wave intensity with markedly low wind waves in the biologically most active season suggests that vessel wakes may play a decisive role during some seasons even in areas with overall high wind wave activity.

Item ID: 5557
Item Type: Article (Research - C1)
ISSN: 1551-5036
Keywords: wave climate; coastal management; vessel wakes; energy pollution
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Date Deposited: 11 Nov 2009 01:45
FoR Codes: 04 EARTH SCIENCES > 0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience > 040601 Geomorphology and Regolith and Landscape Evolution @ 40%
04 EARTH SCIENCES > 0405 Oceanography > 040503 Physical Oceanography @ 30%
09 ENGINEERING > 0911 Maritime Engineering > 091104 Ship and Platform Hydrodynamics @ 30%
SEO Codes: 88 TRANSPORT > 8898 Environmentally Sustainable Transport > 889899 Environmentally Sustainable Transport not elsewhere classified @ 40%
88 TRANSPORT > 8802 Water Transport > 880204 Passenger Water Transport @ 30%
96 ENVIRONMENT > 9611 Physical and Chemical Conditions of Water > 961102 Physical and Chemical Conditions of Water in Coastal and Estuarine Environments @ 30%
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