Bowater, R.O., Dennis, M.M., Blyde, D., Stone, B., Barnes, A.C., Delamare-Deboutteville, J., Horton, M.A., White, M., Condon, K., and Jones, R. (2018) Epizootics of Streptococcus agalactiae infection in captive rays from Queensland, Australia. Journal of Fish Diseases, 41 (2). pp. 223-232.

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to describe two epizootics of high mortalities from infection with Streptococcus agalactiae, occurring in captive rays held in a marine display aquarium in south-east Queensland, Australia, in 2009 and 2010. Five different species of rays were affected, including mangrove whiprays (Himantura granulata), estuary rays (Dasyatis fluviorum), eastern shovelnose rays (Aptychotrema rostrata), white-spotted eagle rays (Aetobatus narinari) and blue-spotted mask rays (Neotrygon kuhlii). This report describes the history of both epizootics including collection, quarantine and husbandry of rays, the disease epizootics, clinico-pathological features of the disease, antimicrobial therapy, autogenous vaccine production, and laboratory studies including clinical and histopathology, bacteriology, PCR, molecular serotyping and sequencing of the bacterium S. agalactiae.

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