The temperature regimes of dry-season waterholes in tropical northern Australia: potential effects on fish refugia

Wallace, Jim, Waltham, Nathan, Burrows, Damien, and McJannet, David (2015) The temperature regimes of dry-season waterholes in tropical northern Australia: potential effects on fish refugia. Freshwater science, 34 (2). pp. 663-678.

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Abstract

The ephemeral rivers in northern Australia break up into a series of waterholes during the long, dry summer season. These in-stream waterholes provide vital habitat for the survival of aquatic biota during this period. We describe how high-time-resolution (20 min) waterhole temperature measurements made in the Flinders and Gilbert Rivers in tropical northern Australia were used to derive thermal frequency curves that show how often waterhole temperature exceeded any given temperature threshold. During the summer period, temperatures near the surfaces of waterholes were often above that suitable for the optimum growth of some tropical fish (31°C). At the bottom of waterholes, this exceedance occurred less often, and in turbid waterholes that were stratified, temperatures rarely exceeded this threshold. Temperatures that could be lethal to some fish (34°C) also were exceeded at the surface of waterholes, but rarely, if ever, at the bottom of waterholes. An energy-balance model was used to estimate daily mean waterhole temperature with good accuracy (±1 K) at all but the sites where wind speed may have been >2 m/s (assumed in the model). The model also was used to predict the effects of climate change on waterhole temperature and the change in exceedance of thermal thresholds. A 2 K climate warming raised waterhole temperature by ~1 K. However small this increase might seem, it led to a doubling of the length of time water temperatures were in excess of thresholds around 31°C.

Item ID: 39972
Item Type: Article (Research - C1)
ISSN: 2161-9565
Keywords: waterholes, temperature, modeling, thresholds, climate change
Funders: CSIRO Water for a Healthy Country Flagship, Queensland Government
Date Deposited: 29 Sep 2015 03:25
FoR Codes: 05 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES > 0502 Environmental Science and Management > 050202 Conservation and Biodiversity @ 50%
06 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES > 0602 Ecology > 060204 Freshwater Ecology @ 50%
SEO Codes: 96 ENVIRONMENT > 9605 Ecosystem Assessment and Management > 960506 Ecosystem Assessment and Management of Fresh, Ground and Surface Water Environments @ 100%
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