Gaseous and particle emissions from an ethanol fumigated compression ignition engine

Surawski, Nicholas C., Ristovski, Zoran, Brown, Richard J., and Situ, Rong (2012) Gaseous and particle emissions from an ethanol fumigated compression ignition engine. Energy Conversion and Management, 54 (1). pp. 145-151.

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Abstract

A 4-cylinder Ford 2701C test engine was used in this study to explore the impact of ethanol fumigation on gaseous and particle emission concentrations. The fumigation technique delivered vaporised ethanol into the intake manifold of the engine, using an injector, a pump and pressure regulator, a heat exchanger for vaporising ethanol and a separate fuel tank and lines. Gaseous (Nitric oxide (NO), Carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC)) and particulate emissions (particle mass (PM2.5) and particle number) testing was conducted at intermediate speed (1700 rpm) using 4 load settings with ethanol substitution percentages ranging from 10% to 40% (by energy). With ethanol fumigation, NO and PM2.5 emissions were reduced, whereas CO and HC emissions increased considerably and particle number emissions increased at most test settings. It was found that ethanol fumigation reduced the excess air factor for the engine and this led to increased emissions of CO and HC, but decreased emissions of NO. PM2.5 emissions were reduced with ethanol fumigation, as ethanol has a very low "sooting" tendency. This is due to the higher hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of this fuel, and also because ethanol does not contain aromatics, both of which are known soot precursors. The use of a diesel oxidation catalyst (as an after-treatment device) is recommended to achieve a reduction in the four pollutants that are currently regulated for compression ignition engines. The increase in particle number emissions with ethanol fumigation was due to the formation of volatile (organic) particles; consequently, using a diesel oxidation catalyst will also assist in reducing particle number emissions.

Item ID: 19693
Item Type: Article (Research - C1)
ISSN: 1879-2227
Keywords: ethanol fumigation; compression ignition engine; gaseous emissions; particle emissions; oxidation catalyst
Funders: Australian Research Council
Projects and Grants: Australian Research Council Linkage Grant (LP0775178)
Date Deposited: 02 Feb 2012 00:09
FoR Codes: 09 ENGINEERING > 0915 Interdisciplinary Engineering > 091599 Interdisciplinary Engineering not elsewhere classified @ 30%
09 ENGINEERING > 0902 Automotive Engineering > 090201 Automotive Combustion and Fuel Engineering (incl Alternative/Renewable Fuels) @ 40%
04 EARTH SCIENCES > 0401 Atmospheric Sciences > 040101 Atmospheric Aerosols @ 30%
SEO Codes: 86 MANUFACTURING > 8613 Transport Equipment > 861302 Automotive Equipment @ 50%
85 ENERGY > 8505 Renewable Energy > 850501 Biofuel (Biomass) Energy @ 50%
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